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Improving stability of MXenes

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Abstract

Due to their superior hydrophilicity and conductivity, ultra-high volumetric capacitance, and rich surface-chemistry properties, MXenes exhibit unique and excellent performance in catalysis, energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, and life sciences. Since they are derived from ceramics (MAX phase) through etching, one of the challenges in MXenes preparation is the inevitable exposure of metal atoms on their surface and embedding of anions and cations. Because the as-obtained MXenes are always in a thermodynamically metastable state, they tend to react with trace oxygen or oxygen-containing groups to form metal oxides or degrade, leading to sharply declined activity and impaired performance. Therefore, improving the stability of MXenes-based materials is of practical significance in relevant applications. Unfortunately, there lacks a comprehensive review in the literature on relevant topics. To help promote the wide applications of MXenes, we review from the following aspects: (i) insights into the factors affecting the stability of MXenes-based materials, including oxidation of MXenes flakes, stability of MXenes colloidal solutions, and swelling and degradation of MXenes thin-film, (ii) strategies for enhancing the stability of MXenes-based materials by optimizing MAX phase synthesis and modifying the MXenes preparation, and (iii) techniques for further increasing the stability of freshly prepared MXenes-based materials via controlling the storage conditions, and forming shielding on the surface and/or edge of MXenes flakes. Finally, some outlooks are proposed on the future developments and challenges of highly active and stable MXenes. We aim to provide guidance for the design, preparation, and applications of MXenes-based materials with excellent stability and activity.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62004143 and 62174085), the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project (No. 2020ZYYD033), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M660607), the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Rare Mineral, Ministry of Natural Resources (No. KLRM—KF 202005), and the open research fund of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China

    Jizhou Jiang, Saishuai Bai & Jing Zou

  2. Key Laboratory of Rare Mineral, Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Experimental Testing Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430034, China

    Jizhou Jiang

  3. Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China

    Song Liu

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, “National Taiwan University”, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, China

    Jyh-Ping Hsu

  5. State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Neng Li

  6. Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Guoyin Zhu & Yizhou Zhang

  7. Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Zechao Zhuang

  8. Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Qi Kang

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  1. Jizhou Jiang
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  2. Saishuai Bai
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  3. Jing Zou
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  4. Song Liu
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  5. Jyh-Ping Hsu
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  6. Neng Li
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  7. Guoyin Zhu
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  8. Zechao Zhuang
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  9. Qi Kang
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  10. Yizhou Zhang
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Correspondence to Zechao Zhuang, Qi Kang or Yizhou Zhang.

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Jiang, J., Bai, S., Zou, J. et al. Improving stability of MXenes. Nano Res. 15, 6551–6567 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4312-8

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