Abstract
The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and assess the safety and functionality in vitro of putative probiotic bacterial strains. Isolation procedures were based on standard methods using elective and selective media. The isolates were identified by comparative 16S rRNA sequencing analysis while their safety was determined according to the safety tests recommended by the FAO/WHO such as antibiotic resistance, hemolysin, and biogenic amine production. Most of the isolates did not pass the in vitro safety tests; therefore, only Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (from ant intestine and cheese), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (from goat milk and kimchi), Enterococcus faecium (from chili doenjang and vegetables with kimchi ingredients), Limosilactobacillus fermentum (from saliva), and Companilactobacillus alimentarius (from kimchi) were identified and selected for further studies. The isolates were further differentiated by rep-PCR and identified to the strain level by genotypic (16S rRNA) and phenotypic (Gen III) approaches. Subsequently, the strain tolerance to acid and bile was evaluated resulting in good viability after simulated gastrointestinal tract passage. Adhesion to mucin in vitro and the presence of mub, mapA, and ef-tu genes confirmed the adhesive potential of the strains and the results of features associated with adhesion such as hydrophobicity and zeta potential extended the insights. This study reflects the importance of fermented and non-fermented food products as a promising source of lactic acid bacteria with potential probiotic properties. Additionally, it aims to highlight the challenges associated with the selection of safe strains, which often fail in the in vitro tests, thus hindering the possibilities of “uncovering” novel and safe probiotic strains.
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All data generated related to this project is available upon request from the authors of the manuscript.
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This work was supported by HEM Pharma, Pohang, Republic of Korea. The National Council on Science and Technology (CONACYT), Mexico, DF, Mexico provided financial support to KAA (reference 293853/472094). FAPESP (grant 2013/07914–8), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, funded by FCT (UIDB/05937/2020 and UIDP/05937/2020), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal. National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2018M3A9F3021964), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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WHH, STD, and KAA: conceptualization. KAA: writing—original draft, formal analysis, and writing—review and editing. KAA, JL, JEVB, SDT, and HP: methodology (supporting). WHH and SDT: review and editing.
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Arellano, K., Lim, J., Bucheli, J.E.V. et al. Identification of safe putative probiotics from various food products. Folia Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-024-01142-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-024-01142-7