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Probiotic Characterization of Arsenic-resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria for Possible Application as Arsenic Bioremediation Tool in Fish for Safe Fish Food Production

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Abstract

Arsenic (As) contamination of water and food is a global problem posing a severe threat to environmental and human health; therefore, fish as an aquatic animal is immensely affected by the hazardous impacts of As. The present study aimed to explore the As-resistant probiotic bacteria and characterize their potential for applying as an As bioremediation tool in fish. As-resistant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from sludge samples of an old stabilization pond/lagoon of wastewater treatment plant using spared plate techniques. The potential probiotic was selected by assessing the sequential probiotic characterization, As resistance and removal properties. The selected probiotic was identified by PCR-based molecular method using 16S rDNA. A total of 51 As-resistant LAB were isolated from sludge samples. Potential six As-resistant LAB strains (As4, 11, 20, 21, 41 and 48) were selected from 51 isolates through sequential probiotic characterizations using mimic fish gastrointestinal conditions. The selected probiotics displayed relatively elevated As (> 1000 mg L−1), cadmium (20–100 mg L−1) and lead (> 2000 mg L−1)–resistant patterns and excellent As-removal efficiencies (0.0012–0.0044 mg As mg cell−1 h−1) from water along with favourable various associative probiotic properties. The 16S rDNA sequence-based molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains As4, 11, 20, 21, 41 and 48 belong to Limosilactobacillus fermentum (Lactobacillus fermentum according to old taxonomy). The As removal and survival in mimic gastrointestinal conditions of fish indicated that new Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains could be employed as the novel and potential probiotic tools for possible bioremediation of As and other pollutants in the fish to prevent the bioaccumulation and toxicity impacts of As in fish for cleaner and safe fish food production.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article

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Acknowledgements

All the co-investigators and authors are thankful to DHESTB for sponsoring the grant.

Funding

This study is supported by a research grant (No. 237(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/1G-12/2017) from the Department of Higher Education, Science & Technology and Biotechnology (DHESTB), Government of West Bengal to JNB.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecological Studies & International Center for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India

    Jatindra Nath Bhakta, Sabyasachi Bhattacharya & Susmita Lahiri

  2. Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India

    Jatindra Nath Bhakta

  3. Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India

    Asish Kumar Panigrahi

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  1. Jatindra Nath Bhakta
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  2. Sabyasachi Bhattacharya
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Contributions

JNB conceived the research idea, received the research grant, carried out the research work, analysed the samples, processed the results and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. SB helped to conduct the experiments and collect the sample and data. SL contributed to analysing the results. AKP reviewed the first draft of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jatindra Nath Bhakta.

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12602_2022_9921_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary file1 Bacterial cultured plate showing both yellow coloured pronouncing and non-yellow coloured pronouncing bacterial colonies (DOCX 518 KB)

12602_2022_9921_MOESM2_ESM.docx

Supplementary file2 The profile of catalase activity of 51 isolates, morphological study of selected 22 CNIs, gastric enzyme and acid pH tolerance of selected 22 CNIs and intestinal enzyme and bile salt tolerance of selected 10 GEATIs. Six IEBTIs successfully passed through the different mimic gastrointestinal conditions, therefore, 6 IEBTIs were considered as potential probiotic candidates (in catalase test, + = catalase positive and - = catalase negative; in the test of “Gastric enzyme and acid pH tolerance” and “Intestinal enzyme and bile salt tolerance”, + = viable and - = not viable) (DOCX 17 KB)

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Bhakta, J.N., Bhattacharya, S., Lahiri, S. et al. Probiotic Characterization of Arsenic-resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria for Possible Application as Arsenic Bioremediation Tool in Fish for Safe Fish Food Production. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 15, 889–902 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09921-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09921-9

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