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Targeting tumor microenvironment using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as therapeutics against tumorigenesis

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Abstract

The immune system plays a vital role in suppressing tumor cell progression. The tumor microenvironment augmented with significant levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been widely investigated and it is suggested that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have shown a significant role in the prognosis of cancer patients. Compared to ordinary non-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a significant population of lymphocytes that infiltrate tumor tissue and have a higher level of specific immunological reactivity against tumor cells. They serve as an effective immunological defense against various malignancies. TILs are a diverse group of immune cells that are divided into immune subsets based on the pathological and physiological impact they have on the immune system. TILs mainly consist of B-cells, T-cells, or natural killer cells with diverse phenotypic and functional properties. TILs are known to be superior to other immune cells in that they can recognize a wide range of heterogeneous tumor antigens by producing many clones of T cell receptors (TCRs), outperforming treatments like TCR-T cell and CAR-T therapy. With the introduction of genetic engineering technologies, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have become a ground-breaking therapeutic option for malignancies, but because of the hindrances opposed by the immune microenvironment and the mutation of antigens, the development of TILs as therapeutic has been hindered. By giving some insight into the many variables, such as the various barriers inhibiting its usage as a potential therapeutic agent, we have examined various aspects of TILs in this work.

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Data availability

The human single-cell omics dataset utilized for the study is freely available at https://www.immunesinglecell.org/ and the survival data can be accessed at http://timer.cistrome.org/

Abbreviations

TIL:

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte

TME:

Tumor microenvironment

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ACT:

Adoptive cell therapy

CCD2:

C-C chemokine receptor type 2

NGFR:

Nerve growth factor receptor

CXCR:

C-X-C chemokine receptor type

BiAb:

Bispecific antibody

CTL:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

IL-8:

Interleukin-8

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Jammu and Kashmir Science Technology & Innovation council DST Govt of J&K for financial support to this study.

Funding

This work was funded by the Jammu Kashmir Science Technology & Innovation council Department of Science and Technology (JKDST) India with Grant No. JKST&IC/SRE/885–87 to Dr. Manzoor Ahmad Mir.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Hina Qayoom, Shazia Sofi & Manzoor A. Mir

Authors
  1. Hina Qayoom
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  2. Shazia Sofi
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  3. Manzoor A. Mir
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Contributions

MAM designed and supervised the work. HQ wrote the manuscript, designed the figures, and edited the manuscript. MAM, HQ, and SS critically revised and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Manzoor A. Mir.

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Qayoom, H., Sofi, S. & Mir, M.A. Targeting tumor microenvironment using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as therapeutics against tumorigenesis. Immunol Res 71, 588–599 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-023-09376-2

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