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Alternaria alternata F3, a Novel Taxol-Producing Endophytic Fungus Isolated from the Fruits of Taxus cuspidata: Isolation, Characterization, Taxol Yield Improvement, and Antitumor Activity

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Abstract

In this study, a novel taxol-producing endophytic fungus, strain F3, was isolated from the fruits of Taxus cuspidata and identified as Alternaria alternata according to its macroscopic and microscopic traits and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The presence of taxol was detected by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and confirmed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI–MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The fermentation parameters of strain F3 were then optimized for high taxol production. The maximum taxol yield of 195.4 µg L−1 by A. alternata F3 was observed in 200-mL yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) broth, at an initial pH value of 6.0, supplemented with 0.1 g L−1 sodium acetate, 0.25 g L−1 salicylic acid, and 0.00125 g L−1 silver nitrate and inoculum size 2%, and incubated at 28 °C and 150 rpm for 8 days, which was 2.12-fold compared with the initial yield of taxol. Also, fungal taxol exhibited antitumor activity towards human lung carcinoma (A549) cell line and human cervical carcinoma (Hela) cell line with IC50 values of 3.98 µg mL−1 and 0.35 µg mL−1. Overall, this is the first report on taxol-producing endophytic fungus isolated from the fruits of Taxus. This study offers a novel source for the production of taxol for anticancer treatment.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Facility at Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University. The authors are grateful to the reviewers for the constructive comments.

Funding

This work was supported by Open Grant for Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education (KFJJ2021YB01), Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Joint Guidance Project (LH2021C015), National Natural Science Foundation of China for Key Program (31930076), the 111 Project of China (B20088), and the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program (Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team).

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Author notes

  1. Yuefeng Fu and Xinyue Li contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China

    Yuefeng Fu, Xinyue Li, Zhihui Zhang, Wei Wei, Cheng Xu & Chengbo Gu

  2. Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China

    Yuefeng Fu, Xinyue Li, Zhihui Zhang, Wei Wei, Cheng Xu & Chengbo Gu

  3. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China

    Yuefeng Fu, Xinyue Li, Zhihui Zhang, Wei Wei, Cheng Xu & Chengbo Gu

  4. Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China

    Yuefeng Fu, Xinyue Li, Zhihui Zhang, Wei Wei, Cheng Xu & Chengbo Gu

  5. Life Science and Biotechnique Research Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaohan Yuan

  6. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China

    Jinfeng Song & Chengbo Gu

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  1. Yuefeng Fu
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Contributions

Yuefeng Fu, Xinyue Li, and Xiaohan Yuan wrote the main manuscript text. Zhihui Zhang performed the experiments. Wei Wei and Cheng Xu analyzed the data. Jinfeng Song and Chengbo Gu conceived and designed the experiments. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jinfeng Song or Chengbo Gu.

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Fu, Y., Li, X., Yuan, X. et al. Alternaria alternata F3, a Novel Taxol-Producing Endophytic Fungus Isolated from the Fruits of Taxus cuspidata: Isolation, Characterization, Taxol Yield Improvement, and Antitumor Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 196, 2246–2269 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-023-04661-0

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