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Inflammatory Processes Affecting Bone Health and Repair

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding of inflammatory processes on bone, including direct impacts of inflammatory factors on bone cells, the effect of senescence on inflamed bone, and the critical role of inflammation in bone pain and healing.

Recent Findings

Advances in osteoimmunology have provided new perspectives on inflammatory bone loss in recent years. Characterization of so-called inflammatory osteoclasts has revealed insights into physiological and pathological bone loss. The identification of inflammation-associated senescent markers in bone cells indicates that therapies that reduce senescent cell burden may reverse bone loss caused by inflammatory processes. Finally, novel studies have refined the role of inflammation in bone healing, including cross talk between nerves and bone cells.

Summary

Except for the initial stages of fracture healing, inflammation has predominately negative effects on bone and increases fracture risk. Eliminating senescent cells, priming the osteo-immune axis in bone cells, and alleviating pro-inflammatory cytokine burden may ameliorate the negative effects of inflammation on bone.

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Funding

This work was supported by NIH K99AR080745 (SRW), T32DK007352 (HMT), R21AR82134 (JJW), T32AR056950 (MO), the Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging (SRW), and the Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (KMA).

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  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Haydee M. Torres, Katherine M. Arnold, Manuela Oviedo, Jennifer J. Westendorf & Samantha R. Weaver

  2. Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Track/Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Katherine M. Arnold

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Jennifer J. Westendorf

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Torres, H.M., Arnold, K.M., Oviedo, M. et al. Inflammatory Processes Affecting Bone Health and Repair. Curr Osteoporos Rep 21, 842–853 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-023-00824-4

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