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Intervening Interfacial Reaction Between Refractory and Rare Earth-Bearing Molten Steel by Pulsed Electric Current to Inhibit the Clogging of Submerged Entry Nozzle

  • Corrosion and Protection of Materials at High Temperatures
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Abstract

Pulsed electric current is used to inhibit the erosion of rare earth-bearing molten steel to refractory by interfering with its interface reaction. The refractory samples are eroded by molten steel for 5–30 min, and the average thickness of the erosion layer increases by 397% from 160 μm to 795 μm. However, the average thickness of the erosion layer only increases by 40% from 150 to 210 μm under the action of pulsed electric current. The desiliconization and oxidation of Ce/La at interface lead to a loose and porous erosion layer and the formation of initial deposits CeAlO3/LaAlO3 and CeAl11O18/LaAl11O18. The adhesion of inclusions to the deposits leads to an increase in the thickness of the erosion layer. However, the pulsed electric current inhibits the desiliconization and oxidation of RE, thereby forming a Si-rich amorphous phase, which coats on refractory surface and acts as a protective film to reduce further erosion of the refractory by the molten steel. As a result, the refractory material forms a dense erosion layer and a smooth surface under the action of pulsed electric current.

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Acknowledgements

The work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1860206, 51874023), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-TP-20-04B), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1908403), and Recruitment Program of Global Experts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Longge Yan, Changhao Liu & Xinfang Zhang

  2. Special Steel Division, Laiwu Branch of Shandong Iron and Steel Group Co. Ltd, Jinan, 271105, People’s Republic of China

    Liang Chen

  3. Research Institute of Shandong Iron and Steel Group Co. Ltd., Jinan, 271105, People’s Republic of China

    Chengbao Liu

  4. Shanghai Metal Materials Near-Net-Shape Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Spaceflight Precision Machinery Institute, Shanghai, 201600, People’s Republic of China

    Song Pang

  5. State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People’s Republic of China

    Lifeng Zhang

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  1. Longge Yan
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Correspondence to Xinfang Zhang or Lifeng Zhang.

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Yan, L., Chen, L., Liu, C. et al. Intervening Interfacial Reaction Between Refractory and Rare Earth-Bearing Molten Steel by Pulsed Electric Current to Inhibit the Clogging of Submerged Entry Nozzle. JOM 73, 3910–3919 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04869-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04869-7

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