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Evolution of Asian drying since 30 Ma revealed by clay minerals record in the West Pacific and its tectonic-climatic forcing

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Abstract

As the second largest dust source on the globe, the tectonic and climatic evolution of continental Asia has an important impact on regional and global climate change. The West Pacific is the main sediment sink for eolian dust transported eastward from the Asian interior. Clay minerals, as the major fine-grained weathering products of continental rocks, can be readily transported by wind or currents over long distances and thus have been widely used in the reconstruction of paleoclimate and weathering history. However, the overall evolutionary tendency and response mechanism of clay mineral records over large spatial and long timescales across Asia remain unclear. Here, two continuous and high-resolution clay mineral records since 30 Ma were reconstructed from sediments at Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) Sites 292 and 296 in the Philippine Sea. Clay minerals and Sr-Nd isotope compositions were used to constrain provenance and reconstruct the drying history of the dust source region since the Oligocene. The results show that the clay-sized detrital sediments in the Philippine Sea are a mixture of Asian eolian dust and volcanic materials from the West Pacific arcs. Based on the clay mineral compositions and eolian flux, we reveal that the Asian interior has been continuously drying since the late Oligocene and that stepwise enhanced aridification occurred at approximately 20, 14, 7, and 3 Ma. Compared with other regions of the world, the relative contents of illite and chlorite increased more dramatically in Asia during the late Cenozoic, and the inconsistency became more obvious at approximately 20 Ma. Since 3 Ma, illite and chlorite have increased consistently across the globe. Combined with the Asian tectonic and climatic history, we suggest that the increase in illite and chlorite from Asia between 20 and 3 Ma was mainly in response to the uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau, whereas after 3 Ma, it was primarily controlled by global cooling driven by the expansion of the Arctic ice sheet.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the International Ocean Discovery Program for providing the samples. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. Prof. Zhimin Jian is thanked for providing the foraminiferal data of ODP Sites 1143 and 1146. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42125602, 42076052), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFF0800503), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB40010100), the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for QNLM (Grant No. 2022QNLM050203), the Innovation Project of QNLM (Grant No. MGQNLM-KF202001), and the Taishan and Aoshan Talents Program (Grant No. 2017ASTCP-ES01).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Yi Tang, Shiming Wan, Debo Zhao, Zhaojie Yu, Zhaokai Xu, Jin Zhang, Zehua Song, Mengjun Li, Hualong Jin, Wenjun Jiao, Hongkun Dong & Anchun Li

  2. Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Shiming Wan

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yi Tang

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Tang, Y., Wan, S., Zhao, D. et al. Evolution of Asian drying since 30 Ma revealed by clay minerals record in the West Pacific and its tectonic-climatic forcing. Sci. China Earth Sci. 66, 1365–1382 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1075-0

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