Abstract
For the first time, cadmium oxide (CdO) nanofibers (NFs) and graphene nanosheet (GNS)–doped CdO nanocomposites (NCs) have been synthesized by a simple green route using green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract, for subsequent application as photocatalysts for methylene blue (MB) removal from an aqueous matrix. In addition, the materials were tested as working electrodes for supercapacitors. The prepared samples were analyzed by FESEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FESEM revealed that the obtained NPs and NCs show fiber-shaped nanostructure. FTIR confirmed the presence of biomolecules on CdO and carbon compounds on CdO/GNS, while XRD exhibited the cubic crystalline structure of obtained NPs and NCs. The Rietveld refinement using XRD data was performed to ascertain the crystallographic characteristics of the produced samples and look into lattice imperfections. UV-Vis spectroscopy evaluated the optical bandgap energies of CdO and CdO/GNS NCs. The CdO/GNS NCs demonstrated a fast cleavage of the dye molecule under UV irradiation, resulting in 97% removal in 120 min. In addition, CdO/GNS NCs showed remarkable chemical stability as an electrode material, with a high specific capacitance of 231 F g−1 at a scan rate of 25 mV s−1. These observed NCs characteristics are higher when compared to pristine CdO NPs. Finally, we found that the investigated NCs showed enhanced multifunctional properties, such as photocatalytic and supercapacitor characteristics, which can be useful in practical applications.
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The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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This work was supported by the UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research Indore Center grant Ref: CSR IC -236/2017-18/1317 (Dated 31 March 2018). The Brazilian authors received financial support from CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development).
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Conceptualization: Sundararajan Ashok Kumar; methodology: Savariroyan Stephen Rajkumar Inbanathan, Daniel Rani Rosaline, Formal analysis and investigation: Savariroyan Stephen Rajkumar Inbanathan, Gopalan Muralidharan, Daniel Rani Rosaline; writing—original draft preparation: Sundararajan Ashok Kumar, Savariroyan Stephen Rajkumar Inbanathan; writing—review and editing: Guilherme Luiz Dotto, Edson Luiz Foletto; funding acquisition: Savariroyan Stephen Rajkumar Inbanathan; supervision: Savariroyan Stephen Rajkumar Inbanathan. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Kumar, S.A., Rosaline, D.R., Foletto, E.L. et al. Application of green-synthesized cadmium oxide nanofibers and cadmium oxide/graphene nanosheet nanocomposites as alternative and efficient photocatalysts for methylene blue removal from aqueous matrix. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 117390–117403 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30425-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30425-8