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Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on antioxidative system and S-nitrosylation in leaves of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud under cadmium stress

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd)-induced growth inhibition is one of the primary factors limiting phytoremediation effect of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud in contaminated soil. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of nitric oxide (NO), has been evidenced to alleviate Cd toxicity in many plants. However, as an important mechanism of NO in orchestrating cellular functions, S-nitrosylation is still poorly understood in its relation with Cd tolerance of plants. In this study, higher exogenous NO levels were found to coincide with higher S-nitrosylation level expressed as content of S-nitrosothiols (SNO). The addition of low concentration (100 μM) SNP increased the SNO content, and it simultaneously induced an alleviating effect against Cd toxicity by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced the accumulation of H2O2 as compared with Cd alone. Application of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) inhibitors dodecanoic acid (DA) in 100 μM SNP group brought in an extra elevation in S-nitrosylation level and further reinforced the effect of SNP. While the additions of 400 μM SNP and 400 μM SNP + 50 μM DA further elevated the S-nitrosylation level, it markedly weakened the alleviating effect against Cd toxicity as compared with the addition of 100 μM SNP. This phenomenon could be owing to excess consumption of glutathione (GSH) to form SNO under high S-nitrosylation level. Therefore, the present study indicates that S-nitrosylation is involved in the ameliorating effect of SNP against Cd toxicity. This involvement exhibited a concentration-dependent property.

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Abbreviations

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SNO:

S-Nitrosothiol

GSNOR:

S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

O2 − :

Superoxide anion radical

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41271332), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 11JJ2031), and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2012SK2021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China

    Dafei Wang, Yunguo Liu, Xiaofei Tan, Hongyu Liu, Guangming Zeng, Xinjiang Hu, Hao Jian & Yanling Gu

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  1. Dafei Wang
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  2. Yunguo Liu
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Correspondence to Yunguo Liu.

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Wang, D., Liu, Y., Tan, X. et al. Effect of exogenous nitric oxide on antioxidative system and S-nitrosylation in leaves of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud under cadmium stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 3489–3497 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3581-5

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