Key message
The review describes the importance of amino acid transporters in plant growth, development, stress tolerance, and productivity. The promoter analysis provides valuable insights into their functionality leading to agricultural benefits.
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana genome is speculated to possess more than 100 amino acid transporter genes. This large number suggests the functional significance of amino acid transporters in plant growth and development. The current article summarizes the substrate specificity, cellular localization, tissue-specific expression, and expression of the amino acid transporter genes in response to environmental cues. However, till date functionality of a majority of amino acid transporter genes in plant development and stress tolerance is unexplored. Considering, that gene expression is mainly regulated by the regulatory motifs localized in their promoter regions at the transcriptional levels. The promoter regions ( ~ 1-kbp) of these amino acid transporter genes were analysed for the presence of cis-regulatory motifs responsive to developmental and external cues. This analysis can help predict the functionality of known and unexplored amino acid transporters in different tissues, organs, and various growth and development stages and responses to external stimuli. Furthermore, based on the promoter analysis and utilizing the microarray expression data we have attempted to identify plausible candidates (listed below) that might be targeted for agricultural benefits.
Graphic abstract
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in BAR expression browser tool (http://bar.utoronto.ca/) (Winter et al. 2007).
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India for providing infrastructural and logistic support. PD is thankful to BITS Pilani, CSIR and EMBO for financial assistance. This study was supported by SERB project EMR/2016/002470 sanctioned by the government of India to SM and RM. AJM was funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Institute Strategic Program Grants ‘Molecules from Nature’ (Grant No. BB/P012523/1) and ‘Plant Health’ (Grant No. BB/P012574/1) and the John Innes Foundation.
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PD planned, designed, analysed data, and wrote the manuscript. AM, RM, and SM supervised the writing of the manuscript and gave final approval for publication.
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Dhatterwal, P., Mehrotra, S., Miller, A.J. et al. Promoter profiling of Arabidopsis amino acid transporters: clues for improving crops. Plant Mol Biol 107, 451–475 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-021-01193-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-021-01193-1