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Comparative Analysis of Direct Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment vs. Plasma Activated Water for the Deactivation of Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2

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Abstract

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has gaining potential, and very effective to curb or deactivate the various microorganisms such as bacteria and virus. Lately, the major outbreak SARS-CoV-2 infection has affected humanity largely with added complexity of its ability to mutate to variants such as Omicron. We have earlier shown the effectiveness of CAP on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and, in this study, we have evaluated the effectiveness of CAP to deactivate Omicron. We studied the ability of the binding of Angiotensin converting Enzyme Protein (ACE2) protein to the plasma treated spike S1-S2 protein and spike Receptor binding domain (RBD) using Cold atmospheric plasma direct treatment as well as Plasma activated water (PAW). Results have shown the binding efficiency of Omicron spike protein to ACE2 decrease with increase in treatment time with both direct treatment and PAW as evidenced using spectroscopic techniques. The reactive species (RONS) play a major role in the efficient deactivation of the binding of ACE2 to the Omicron spike protein. Correspondingly, the comparison between the efficiency between direct treatment and PAW has also been discussed.

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Acknowledgements

Author KS thanks DST-IASST, Guwahati for the In-house project grant, SERB, Govt. of India for the SRG grant (SRG/2020/001894 dt. 11.11.2020) and ICMR Project grant (File No. 17 × (3)/Ad-hoc/19/2022-ITR dt. 23.12.2022). Author Reema thanks UGC, Govt. of India and DB thanks IASST DST, Govt. of India for the support for the Junior Research Fellowship. Reema and DB also thanks AcSIR for Ph.D registration.

Funding

In-house project grant, SERB, Govt. of India for the SRG grant (SRG/2020/001894 dt. 11.11.2020) and ICMR Project grant (File No. 17 × (3)/Ad-hoc/19/2022-ITR dt. 23.12.2022).

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Author notes

  1. Reema and Deepjyoti Basumatary contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India

    Reema, Deepjyoti Basumatary, Heremba Bailung & Kamatchi Sankaranarayanan

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Campus Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India

    Reema, Deepjyoti Basumatary & Kamatchi Sankaranarayanan

Authors
  1. Reema
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  2. Deepjyoti Basumatary
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  3. Heremba Bailung
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  4. Kamatchi Sankaranarayanan
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Contributions

Reema and DB performed the experiments and HB, KS designed the experiments and all the authors corrected the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamatchi Sankaranarayanan.

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Reema, Basumatary, D., Bailung, H. et al. Comparative Analysis of Direct Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment vs. Plasma Activated Water for the Deactivation of Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 44, 1019–1030 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-024-10449-9

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