Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

All optical FSK demodulator using PhC-based ring resonators

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For generating digital codes based on the frequency of input signal we need frequency shift keying demodulators. Optical demodulators are required for optical communication networks. In this paper we are going to design and propose a new structure for implementing all optical frequency shift keying demodulator. The proposed structure was designed using four resonant rings. Finite difference time domain method was used for simulating the propose structure. The simulation results show that when the frequency of input signal is 193.5 THz, 194 THz, 194.5 THz and 195 THz the proposed structure can generate 00, 01, 10 and 11 code at the output ports respectively. The maximum delay time of the proposed structure is 2 ps.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F.: High sensitive photonic crystal ring resonator structure applicable for optical integrated circuits. Photonic Netw. Commun. 33, 152–158 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alipour-Banaei, H., Rabati, M.G., Abdollahzadeh-Badelbou, P., Mehdizadeh, F.: Application of self-collimated beams to realization of all optical photonic crystal encoder. Phys. E Low-dimensional Syst. Nanostruct. 75, 77–85 (2016)

  • Alipour-Banaei, H., Rabati, M.G., Abdollahzadeh-Badelbou, P., Mehdizadeh, F.: Effect of self-collimated beams on the operation of photonic crystal decoders. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 30, 1440–1448 (2016)

  • Alipour-banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F.: A proposal for anti-uvb filter based on one-dimensional photonic crystal structure. 7, 367–371 (2012)

  • Amiri, I.S., Palai, G., Tripathy, S.K., Nayak, S.R.: Realisation of all photonic logic gates using plasmonic-based photonic structure through bandgap analysis. Optik (Stuttg). 194, 163123 (2019)

  • Amiri, I.S., Paul, B.K., Ahmed, K., Aly, A.H., Zakaria, R., Yupapin, P., Vigneswaran, D.: Tri-core photonic crystal fiber based refractive index dual sensor for salinity and temperature detection. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 61, 847–852 (2019)

  • Amiri, I.S., Yupapin, P., Palai, G.: Realization of photonic memory using 1D optical metamaterial structure through absorption, reflection, and transmission analysis. Optik (Stuttg). 185, 264–268 (2019)

  • Asghari-Govar, A., Andalib, A., Zavvari, M., Mohammadi, P.: A novel proposal for all optical FSK demodulator using photonic crystal based resonant cavities. Optik (Stuttg). 203, 163953 (2020)

  • Chen, J., Mehdizadeh, F., Soroosh, M., Alipour-Banaei, H.: A proposal for 5-bit all optical analog to digital converter using nonlinear photonic crystal based ring resonators. Opt. Quantum Electron. 53, 510 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutton, H.J.R.: Understanding Optical Communications. Prentice Hall PTR (1998)

  • El-Khozondar, H.J., Mahalakshmi, P., El-Khozondar, R.J., Ramanujam, N.R., Amiri, I.S., Yupapin, P.: Design of one dimensional refractive index sensor using ternary photonic crystal waveguide for plasma blood samples applications. Phys. E Low-Dimensional Syst. Nanostruct. 111, 29–36 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jalali, P., Andalib, A.: Application of nonlinear PhC-based resonant cavities for realizing all optical Galois Filed adder. Optik (stuttg). 180, 498–504 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Karimzadeh, M., Andalib, A.: All optical BPSK demodulator using photonic crystal based coupled waveguides. J. Opt. Commun. 0, 00 (2018)

  • Massoudi, R., Najjar, M., Mehdizadeh, F., Janyani, V.: Investigation of resonant mode sensitivity in PhC based ring resonators. Opt. Quantum Electron. 51, 87 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehdizadeh, F., Alipour-Banaei, H., Daie-Kuzekanani, Z.: All optical multi reflection structure based on one dimensional photonic crystals for WDM communication systems. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. Rapid Commun. 6, 527–531 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehdizadeh, F., Soroosh, M., Alipour-Banaei, H., Farshidi, E.: A Novel Proposal for All Optical Analog-to-Digital Converter Based on Photonic Crystal Structures. IEEE Photon. J. 9, 1–11 (2017)

  • Mehdizadeh, F., Soroosh, M., Alipour-Banaei, H., Farshidi, E.: All optical 2-bit analog to digital converter using photonic crystal based cavities. Opt. Quantum Electron. 49, 38 (2017)

  • Mehdizadeh, F., Soroosh, M., Alipour-Banaei, H., Farshidi, E.: Ultra-fast analog-to-digital converter based on a nonlinear triplexer and an optical coder with a photonic crystal structure. Appl. Opt. 56, 1799–1806 (2017)

  • Mirjalili, S.M., Mirjalili, S.Z.: Issues when designing hypoellipse photonic crystal waveguides. Infrared Phys. Technol. 69, 62–67 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mirjalili, S.M., Mirjalili, S.Z.: Asymmetric Oval-Shaped-Hole Photonic Crystal Waveguide Design by Artificial Intelligence Optimizers. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 22, 258–264 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Noori, M., Soroosh, M., Baghban, H.: All-angle self-collimation in two-dimensional square array photonic crystals based on index contrast tailoring. Opt. Eng. 54, 037111 (2015)

  • Noori, M., Soroosh, M., Baghban, H.: Highly efficient self-collimation based waveguide for Mid-IR applications. Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 19, 1–11 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sani, M.H., Khosroabadi, S., Shokouhmand, A.: A novel design for 2-bit optical analog to digital (A/D) converter based on nonlinear ring resonators in the photonic crystal structure. Opt. Commun. 458, 124760 (2020)

  • Seif-Dargahi, H., Zavvari, M., Alipour-Banaei, H.: Very compact photonic crystal resonant cavity for all optical filtering. J. Theor. Appl. Phys. 8, 183–188 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Serajmohammadi, S., Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F.: A novel proposal for all optical 1-bit comparator using nonlinear PhCRRs. Photon. Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 34, 19–23 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Surendar, A., Asghari, M., Mehdizadeh, F.: A novel proposal for all-optical 1-bit comparator using nonlinear PhCRRs. Photonic Netw. Commun. 38, 244–249 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taalbi, A., Bassou, G., Youcef Mahmoud, M.: New design of channel drop filters based on photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124, 824–827 (2013)

  • Youcef Mahmoud, M., Bassou, G., Taalbi, A., Chekroun, Z.M.: Optical channel drop filters based on photonic crystal ring resonators. Opt. Commun. 285, 368–372 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Youcef Mahmoud, M., Bassou, G., Taalbi, A.: A new optical add–drop filter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124, 2864–2867 (2013)

  • Youcef Mahmoud, M., Bassou, G., Metehri, F.: Channel drop filter using photonic crystal ring resonators for CWDM communication systems. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 125, 4718–4721 (2014)

  • Zavvari, M., Mehdizadeh, F.: Photonic crystal cavity with L3-defect for resonant optical filtering. Frequenz 68, 519–523 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, T., Asghari, M., Mehdizadeh, F.: An all-optical digital 2-to-1 multiplexer using photonic crystal-based nonlinear ring resonators. J. Electron. Mater. 48, 2482–2486 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, L., Mehdizadeh, F., Talebzadeh, R.: Application of photonic-crystal-based nonlinear ring resonators for realizing an all-optical comparator. Appl. Opt. 58, 8316–8321 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

    Akram Asghari-Govar & Pejman Mohammadi

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

    Alireza Andalib

  3. Microwave and Antenna Research Center, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

    Mahdi Zavvari

Authors
  1. Akram Asghari-Govar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alireza Andalib
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mahdi Zavvari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pejman Mohammadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alireza Andalib.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All the authors declare that none of us have no conflict of interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Asghari-Govar, A., Andalib, A., Zavvari, M. et al. All optical FSK demodulator using PhC-based ring resonators. Opt Quant Electron 53, 641 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03287-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03287-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation