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Integrative role of small non-coding RNAs in viral immune response: a systematic review

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Abstract

Various viruses cause viral infection, and these viruses have different microscopic sizes, genetic material, and morphological forms. Due to a viral infection, the host body induces defense mechanisms that activate the innate and adaptive immune system. sncRNAs are involved in various biological processes and play an essential role in antiviral response in viruses including ZIKV, HCV, DENV, SARS-CoV, and West Nile virus, and regulate the complex interactions between the viruses and host cells. This review discusses the role of miRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, and tiRNAs in antiviral response. Cellular miRNAs bind with virus mRNA and perform their antiviral response in multiple viruses. However, the chemical modifications of miRNA necessary to avoid nuclease attack, which is then involved with intracellular processing, have proven challenging for therapeutic replacement of miRNAs. siRNAs have significant antiviral responses by targeting any gene of interest along the correct nucleotide of targeting mRNA. Due to this ability, siRNAs have valuable characteristics in antiviral response for therapeutic purposes. Additionally, the researchers noted the involvement of piRNAs and tiRNAs in the antiviral response, yet their findings were deemed insignificant.

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Acknowledgements

The researchers express their sincere thanks and appreciation to the Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Anbar, and the Department of Biology, College of Science, Tikrit University, for providing some of the research references.

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  1. Biotechnology Department, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq

    Ahmed AbdulJabbar Suleiman

  2. College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Rawaa Al-Chalabi

  3. Biology Department, College of Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

    Semaa A. Shaban

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Suleiman, A.A., Al-Chalabi, R. & Shaban, S.A. Integrative role of small non-coding RNAs in viral immune response: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 51, 107 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-09141-6

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