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Potential in exosome-based targeted nano-drugs and delivery vehicles for posterior ocular disease treatment: from barriers to therapeutic application

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Abstract

Posterior ocular disease, a disease that accounts for 55% of all ocular diseases, can contribute to permanent vision loss if left without treatment. Due to the special structure of the eye, various obstacles make it difficult for drugs to reach lesions in the posterior ocular segment. Therefore, the development of highly permeable targeted drugs and delivery systems is particularly important. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles at 30–150 nm, which are secreted by various cells, tissues, and body fluids. They carry various signaling molecules, thus endowing them with certain physiological functions. In this review, we describe the ocular barriers and the biogenesis, isolation, and engineering of exosomes, as exosomes not only have pharmacological effects but also are good nanocarriers with targeted properties. Moreover, their biocompatibility and immunogenicity are better than synthetic nanocarriers. Most importantly, they may have the ability to pass through the blood–eye barrier. Thus, they may be developed as both targeted nano-drugs and nano-delivery vehicles for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases. We focus on the current status and potential application of exosomes as targeted nano-drugs and nano-delivery vehicles in posterior ocular diseases.

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Acknowledgements

We thank our many colleagues who have contributed to our studies on this research.

Funding

This project was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82074276), Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ZYYCXTD-D-202002), Science and Technology Program of Tianjin (22ZYJDSS00100), Innovation Research Project of Chinese People's Armed Police Force (ZZKY20222419), and Program for Science and Technology of Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (WHJ202301).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Component‑based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China

    Xingru Peng, Tingting Zhang & Rui Liu

  2. Department of Health Services, Logistics University of People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, Chenlin Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300162, China

    Xin Jin

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XP: Conceptualization, Design, Writing—original draft preparation & editing. TZ: Writing-editing. RL and XJ: Writing-review & editing.

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Peng, X., Zhang, T., Liu, R. et al. Potential in exosome-based targeted nano-drugs and delivery vehicles for posterior ocular disease treatment: from barriers to therapeutic application. Mol Cell Biochem (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-023-04798-w

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