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Heterologous Production of Antimicrobial Peptides: Notes to Consider

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Abstract

Heavy and irresponsible use of antibiotics in the last century has put selection pressure on the microbes to evolve even faster and develop more resilient strains. In the confrontation with such sometimes called “superbugs”, the search for new sources of biochemical antibiotics seems to have reached the limit. In the last two decades, bioactive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are polypeptide chains with less than 100 amino acids, have attracted the attention of many in the control of microbial pathogens, more than the other types of antibiotics. AMPs are groups of components involved in the immune response of many living organisms, and have come to light as new frontiers in fighting with microbes. AMPs are generally produced in minute amounts within organisms; therefore, to address the market, they have to be either produced on a large scale through recombinant DNA technology or to be synthesized via chemical methods. Here, heterologous expression of AMPs within bacterial, fungal, yeast, plants, and insect cells, and points that need to be considered towards their industrialization will be reviewed.

Graphical Abstract

Sources of peptide production and their applications. Some AMPs directly extracted from natural sources, some of them are chemically synthesized either using liquid or solid phase peptides synthesis, and for large scale production, recombinant expression using heterologous expression systems have been used.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

    Masoumeh Kordi, Parnian Ghaedi Talkhounche, Helia Vahedi & Naser Farrokhi

  2. Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Tabarzad

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  1. Masoumeh Kordi
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  2. Parnian Ghaedi Talkhounche
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  3. Helia Vahedi
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  4. Naser Farrokhi
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MK, PG, and HV: drafted the manuscript. MK: drew the figures. NF and MT: reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read the final version of the manuscript and approved it.

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Correspondence to Naser Farrokhi or Maryam Tabarzad.

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Kordi, M., Talkhounche, P.G., Vahedi, H. et al. Heterologous Production of Antimicrobial Peptides: Notes to Consider. Protein J 43, 129–158 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-023-10174-w

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