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The Role of Poly-glycerol Sebacate/Gelatin Coating Layer on Biological Features and Calcification Rate of 3D Melt-Molded Antibacterial Scaffold for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

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Abstract

Heart valve disorders (HVD) caused by medical complications like calcification, thrombosis and infective endocarditis are a reason for cardiac dysfunctionality. The main aim of the present study was to develop a 3D polymeric antibacterial heart valve to prevent endocarditis and infection at the surgical site, through heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE), as a novel approach for the treatment of HVD. In this regard, using a 3D printed designed mold, a scaffold of poly glycerol sebacate: polycaprolactone: gelatin (50:40:10) containing ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug, was made using melt molding method (D1 scaffold). Then, a layer of PGS-gelatin was coated on the optimized scaffold using a dip coating and EDC-NHS cross-linking agent (D2 scaffold). Based on the results, the D1 presented a 21.17 ± 0.8° contact angle while in D2 it was 37.49 ± 1.3°. The calcification rate also showed a lower amount of calcium and phosphorus deposition on the cross-linked surface of D2 (6.12 ± 0.35 µg mg−1) compared with D1 (14.2 ± 1.27 µg mg−1). D2 also demonstrated a remarkable antibacterial activity which was effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The in vitro release profile showed that D2 can release ciprofloxacin gradually and continuously for over 140 h. The D2 showed a non-thrombogenic interface based on blood compatibility testing. Cell study results assessed by the Alamar Blue, Calcein-AM, and Hoechst stain assay, revealed that the human cardiac fibroblasts grew well on D2 compared to D1. The results of the present study support the main idea of ​​creating an antibacterial and biocompatible 3D biomimetic heart valve for HVTE.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful for the financial support of this research by Isfahan University of Technology and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences- Applied Physiology Research Center (APRC) in IRAN. Also, grateful thanks for any beneficial guidance and precious assists from Dr. Setareh Jandaghian (Pharmacist) and Dr. Mohammad Tajmir-Reahi (MD-Cardiovascular Surgeon) in Isfahan University of Medical Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

    Mehdi Atari & Sheyda Labbaf

  2. Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81686-55477, Iran

    Mehdi Atari & Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard

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  1. Mehdi Atari
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  2. Sheyda Labbaf
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Contributions

MA: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Data Analyzing, Writing—original draft, Writing—review and editing. SL: Supervision, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—review and editing. SHJ: Supervision, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—review and editing, corresponding author.

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Correspondence to Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard.

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Atari, M., Labbaf, S. & Haghjooy Javanmard, S. The Role of Poly-glycerol Sebacate/Gelatin Coating Layer on Biological Features and Calcification Rate of 3D Melt-Molded Antibacterial Scaffold for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering. J Polym Environ 32, 111–132 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02957-0

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