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Ecosystem services provided by fungi in freshwaters: a wake-up call

  • AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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Abstract

The set of functions and resources derived from ecosystems are broadly described as ecosystem services. Human society is gratified by a diverse range of services from the freshwater ecosystems to which fungi contribute significantly; yet they are unacknowledged for the services they provide. Aquatic fungi, especially aquatic hyphomycetes, are a distinct ecological group of organisms, accomplishing critical functions in the freshwater food web dynamics. Here, we conceptualize and categorize ecosystem services provided by aquatic hyphomycetes according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, specifically (i) regulating services, such as leaf litter decomposition and the self-cleaning capacity of freshwaters; (ii) supporting services, like nutrient cycling and bioindicators of environmental conditions; (iii) provisioning services, notably metabolites and clean water; and ultimately (iv) cultural services, particularly educational and inspirational values. Increased awareness and valuation of the ecosystem services delivered by aquatic hyphomycetes is essential to reinforce freshwater ecosystem management and policymaking. Overall, our perspective will serve as a wake-up call to map, quantify, and valorize the critical ecosystem services offered by these fungi across the globe. We also highlight the need to consider interactions between ecosystem services and a consistent life cycle assessment, i.e., from resource extraction to end-of-life disposal, promoting sustainable use of ecosystems.

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Acknowledgements

This study is financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within the scope of the projects (UIDB/04292/2020, LA/P/0069/2020) granted to Marine and Environmental Sciences Center (MARE). S. Seena (IT057-18-7254) acknowledges the University of Coimbra for the contract.

Funding

This study is supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Grant No. UIDB/04292/2020 and LA/P/0069/2020).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET – Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal

    Sahadevan Seena, Juliana Barros & Manuel A. S. Graça

  2. Leibniz - Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany

    Christiane Baschien

  3. Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, 574 199, India

    Kandikere R. Sridhar

  4. Finnish Environment Institute, Freshwater Centre, P.O. Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland

    Heikki Mykrä

  5. IES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany

    Mirco Bundschuh

  6. Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SWE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden

    Mirco Bundschuh

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  1. Sahadevan Seena
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SS conceptualized the review. All authors contributed to manuscript sections, revised, and approved the final version.

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Seena, S., Baschien, C., Barros, J. et al. Ecosystem services provided by fungi in freshwaters: a wake-up call. Hydrobiologia 850, 2779–2794 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-05030-4

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