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Some numerical approaches for landslide river blocking: introduction, simulation, and discussion

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Abstract

This paper aims to present several approaches for fluid–solid coupling applied in landslide river blocking simulations based on the Abaqus software. These approaches include the coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) model and the finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FEM-SPH) model, which use discrete finite element meshed blocks to simulate landslides, and use continuum models of Eulerian material and SPH material for river simulations, respectively. Another approach is to use the Eulerian model with Eulerian material to simulate landslides and river at the same time. A physical model of an elastic plate subjected to time-dependent water pressure was applied to validate the selected methods in the fluid–solid coupling. The process was recorded and corresponding numerical simulations were performed. The results show that the simulated plate and water behavior is consistent with the physical model in all simulations. Afterwards, the methods were applied to a real-scale rock avalanche river blocking simulation and the processes of sliding mass movement, impulse wave behavior, and the formation of landslide dams were described and analyzed. Applied Eulerian materials and discrete finite element meshed blocks were used to simulate the sliding mass and similar sliding movement characteristics were obtained. However, discrete blocks have shown better potential for simulating more complex situations and processes leading to better mass movement and deposition results. In addition, discrete finite element meshed blocks and other similar discontinuum models can better reflect the structural characteristics of the source rock in the simulation. As for the impulse wave, the use of Eulerian model for simulating the sliding mass will lead to an abnormally high wave height. Whether to consider a water effect and how to consider it affect the shape of the landslide dams and the simulation results show the importance of fluid–solid coupling in the landslide river blocking simulation. Similar and accurate results can be obtained using the Eulerian method and the SPH method for water simulation. However, it is worth noting that the existence of the Eulerian boundary makes the Eulerian method a better option for simulating more complex flow conditions compared to the SPH method. The meshless characteristics of the SPH method make it more computational efficient provided the fluid volume is constant and the final scale of the model is uncertain.

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Funding

This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation (41790432), IMHE Youth S&T Fundation (SDS-QN-2107), and Research Foundation of Chongqing Jiaotong University (grant nos. 19JDKJC-C04, 20JDKJC-B060).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Yiding Bao

  2. Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China

    Xiaohui Sun

  3. School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China

    Xin zhou

  4. College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China

    Yiding Bao & Yansong Zhang

  5. China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, Beijing, 100120, China

    Yaowu Liu

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  1. Yiding Bao
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  2. Xiaohui Sun
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  3. Xin zhou
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  4. Yansong Zhang
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Contributions

Yiding Bao performed all numerical experiments, interpreted the results, and wrote the manuscript. Xiaohui Sun conceived the original idea and supervised overall direction and planning of the project. Xin Zhou provided instrument and funding for the research. Yansong Zhang and Yaowu Liu supervised the project and contributed to interpretion of the results, put forward valuable comments, and worked on the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and reviewed the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xiaohui Sun.

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Bao, Y., Sun, X., zhou, X. et al. Some numerical approaches for landslide river blocking: introduction, simulation, and discussion. Landslides 18, 3907–3922 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01725-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01725-2

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