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Biogenically synthesized nanoparticles in wastewater treatment; a greener approach: a review

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Abstract

Water resources have been continuously polluted by various wastewaters and cause many risks for humans and living organisms. One of the wastewater treatment solutions is nanotechnology-based approaches that enable wastewater treatment through efficient, flexible, multi-purpose, and cost-effective processes compared to conventional methods. Green synthesis is an environmentally friendly way to produce nanoparticles (NPs), which use biological materials to synthesize. Therefore, using plant extracts, microorganisms, and polysaccharides as stabilizing and reducing agents in the green synthesis of NPs can be an essential component of wastewater treatment in the future. However, there is a gap in the comprehensive review of the biogenic synthesis of NPs in wastewater treatment. In this review, previous research on green synthesis using various plant extracts, microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, microalgae, and polysaccharides, especially chitosan, were investigated in the treatment of various wastewaters. Factors such as temperature, pH, concentration, and reaction time played a crucial role in the synthesis of NPs, which were investigated separately. Finally, after a complete review of the studies and receiving the strengths and weaknesses of each method, future challenges and opportunities are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

In the end, we must declare that this research had no financial affiliation to any organization and did not receive funding. We also express our gratitude to the Sharif University of Technology and Azad University for their good cooperation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA

    Seyed Mostafa Banihashem & Zheng Nick Fang

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Moradi

  3. Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Polytechnic University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Benyamin Evazzadeh

  4. Medical Innovative Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

    Farideh Namvar

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  1. Seyed Mostafa Banihashem
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  2. Alireza Moradi
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  4. Farideh Namvar
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  5. Zheng Nick Fang
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Banihashem, S.M., Moradi, A., Evazzadeh, B. et al. Biogenically synthesized nanoparticles in wastewater treatment; a greener approach: a review. Clean Techn Environ Policy 26, 1731–1754 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-023-02720-y

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