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Dentin bond strength and antimicrobial activities of universal adhesives containing silver nanoparticles synthesized with Rosa canina extract

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Abstract

Objective

The purpose in the study was to evaluate the effect of biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized by the green synthesis method on dentin bond strength in three different universal adhesives and investigate their antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).

Materials and methods

Three different universal adhesives (single bond universal, all-bond universal, and clearfil universal) were used in this study. Ag NPs were synthesized using rose hip (Rosa canina) extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent and they were characterized with STEM, UV–vis spectrophotometer, DLS, and zeta potential. Ag NPs were added to the adhesive resins at a rate of 0.05% (w/w), and their homogeneous distribution in the adhesive was determined using EDX spectrometry. Samples in all groups were tested at baseline-after 5000 and 10,000 thermal cycles. Adhesive composite discs were used for the live/dead analysis of S. mutans, MTT metabolic activity test, lactic acid production, and determination of colony-forming unit (CFU) values (n = 3). Ninety extracted caries-free human third molars were used to determine microtensile bond strength (μTBS) (n = 10). After the universal adhesive was applied to the dentin surface, composite resin (Z550 XT, 3 M ESPE, USA) was placed and sections were taken to form a composite-dentin stick of 1 mm × 1 mm wideness and 8-mm length. The sticks were broken at a rate of 1 mm/min under uniaxial tension in a universal testing machine, and the failure modes were determined by SEM. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for antibacterial tests and two-way analysis of variance for μTBS tests were performed (p < 0.05).

Results

All universal adhesive groups containing Ag NPs showed higher antibacterial activity than control groups without Ag NPs (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the live/dead assay analysis, MTT metabolic activity test, lactic acid production, and CFU values in the thermal cycled Ag NPs groups (p < 0.05). Antibacterial activity decreased in groups containing Ag NPs subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles. The highest lactic acid production 11.06 (± 0.629) and CFUs 7.61 (± 0.304), live bacteria 31.13 (± 0.466), and S. mutans MTT metabolic activity 0.29 (± 0.376) at AU (All-Bond Universal—Ag NPs) 10,000 thermal cycles group. There was no difference in μTBS values between the initial and 5000 thermal cycle groups, there was a difference between the 10,000 thermal cycle groups. The CU (Clearfil Universal—Ag NPs) group subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles showed lower μTBS 11.1 (± 3.2).

Conclusion

In conclusion, universal adhesives containing biogenic Ag NPs showed higher antibacterial activity than the control groups and did not reduce the μTBS.

Clinical relevance

Antibacterial universal adhesives can contribute to restoration success in clinical applications by reducing residual bacteria and preventing secondary caries formation.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Technological and Scientific Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (project number:1139B411).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey

    Semiha Ekrikaya & Ebubekir Yilmaz

  2. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

    Soley Arslan

  3. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Rabia Karaaslan

  4. Medical Imaging Department, Vocational School of Health Services, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandirma, Turkey

    Nilay Ildiz

  5. Pharmacy Services Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey

    Cagla Celik

  6. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

    Cagla Celik & Ismail Ocsoy

Authors
  1. Semiha Ekrikaya
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Contributions

Ekrikaya Semiha: data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, resources, software, supervision, validation, visualization, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing. Yilmaz Ebubekir: methodology, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing. Arslan Soley: methodology, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing. Karaaslan Rabia: investigation, methodology, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing. Ildiz Nilay: methodology, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing. Celik Cagla: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation. Ocsoy Ismail: conceptualization, formal analysis, the investigation, methodology, resources, software, supervision, validation, visualization, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing. all authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Semiha Ekrikaya.

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Ethics approval

This study protocol was approved by the Nuh Naci Yazgan University Ethics Committee (2022/003–001).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Ekrikaya, S., Yilmaz, E., Arslan, S. et al. Dentin bond strength and antimicrobial activities of universal adhesives containing silver nanoparticles synthesized with Rosa canina extract. Clin Oral Invest 27, 6891–6902 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05306-6

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