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Fluorescent microbeads for point-of-care testing: a review

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Abstract

Microbead-based point-of-care testing (POCT) has demonstrated great promise in translating detection modalities from bench-side to bed-side. This is due to the ease of visualization, high surface area-to-volume ratio of beads for efficient target binding, and efficient encoding capability for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. This review (with 112 references) summarizes the progress made in the field of fluorescent microbead-based POCT. Following an introduction into the field, a first large section sums up techniques and materials for preparing microbeads, typically of dye-labelled particles, various kinds of quantum dots and upconversion materials. Further subsections cover the encapsulation of nanoparticles into microbeads, decoration of nanoparticles on microbeads, and in situ embedding of nanoparticles during microbead synthesis. A next large section summarizes microbead-based fluorometric POCT, with subsections on detection of nucleic acids, proteins, circulating tumor cells and bacteria. A further section covers emerging POCT based on the use of smartphones or flexible microchips. The last section gives conclusions and an outlook on current challenges and possible solutions. Aside from giving an overview on the state of the art, we expect this article to boost the further development of POCT technology.

Schematic presentation of the fabrication of microbeads, the detection targets of interest including bacteria, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), protein and nucleic acid, and the emerging point-of-care testing (POCT) platform. The colored wheels of the bus represent the fluorescent materials embedded in (red color) or decorated on the surface of microbeads (green color).

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai, National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671011), and grants from the Ministry of Education of Singapore (MOE2016-T3-1-004, R-397-000-270-114).

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  1. Jing Zhang and Swati Shikha contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China

    Jing Zhang, Jinliang Liu & Yong Zhang

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore

    Swati Shikha, Qingsong Mei & Yong Zhang

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  1. Jing Zhang
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  2. Swati Shikha
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  3. Qingsong Mei
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  4. Jinliang Liu
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  5. Yong Zhang
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Correspondence to Qingsong Mei or Yong Zhang.

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Zhang, J., Shikha, S., Mei, Q. et al. Fluorescent microbeads for point-of-care testing: a review. Microchim Acta 186, 361 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3449-y

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