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Industrial applications of immobilized nano-biocatalysts

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Abstract

Immobilized enzyme-based catalytic constructs could greatly improve various industrial processes due to their extraordinary catalytic activity and reaction specificity. In recent decades, nano-enzymes, defined as enzyme immobilized on nanomaterials, gained popularity for the enzymes’ improved stability, reusability, and ease of separation from the biocatalytic process. Thus, enzymes can be strategically incorporated into nanostructured materials to engineer nano-enzymes, such as nanoporous particles, nanofibers, nanoflowers, nanogels, nanomembranes, metal–organic frameworks, multi-walled or single-walled carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles with tuned shape and size. Surface-area-to-volume ratio, pore-volume, chemical compositions, electrical charge or conductivity of nanomaterials, protein charge, hydrophobicity, and amino acid composition on protein surface play fundamental roles in the nano-enzyme preparation and catalytic properties. With proper understanding, the optimization of the above-mentioned factors will lead to favorable micro-environments for biocatalysts of industrial relevance. Thus, the application of nano-enzymes promise to further strengthen the advances in catalysis, biotransformation, biosensing, and biomarker discovery. Herein, this review article spotlights recent progress in nano-enzyme development and their possible implementation in different areas, including biomedicine, biosensors, bioremediation of industrial pollutants, biofuel production, textile, leather, detergent, food industries and antifouling.

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Abbreviations

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

ChOx:

Cholesterol oxidase

GONS:

Graphene oxide nanosheets

GOx:

Glucose oxidase

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

MNPs:

Magnetic nanoparticles

MWCNTs:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

NBC:

Nanobiocatalytic

NBT:

Nanobiotechnology

NC:

Nanocomposite

NEs:

Nanoenzymes

NM:

Nanomaterial

NPs:

Nanoparticles

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PLGA:

Polylactic–polyglycolic acid

PS:

Polystyrene

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the research council of the University of Hormozgan for financial support during this project. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (MX) is thankfully acknowledged for partially supporting this work under Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI) program awarded to Hafiz M.N. Iqbal (CVU: 735340). Thanks, Tina Chen, for her valuable feedbacks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Mozhgan Razzaghi & Ahmad Homaei

  2. Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy

    Fabio Vianello

  3. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada

    Taha Azad

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada

    Taha Azad

  5. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Waknaghat, India

    Tanvi Sharma & Ashok Kumar Nadda

  6. Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Venice, Italy

    Roberto Stevanato

  7. School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China

    Muhammad Bilal

  8. School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico

    Hafiz M. N. Iqbal

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  1. Mozhgan Razzaghi
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Razzaghi, M., Homaei, A., Vianello, F. et al. Industrial applications of immobilized nano-biocatalysts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 45, 237–256 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-021-02647-y

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