Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Temperature-dependent optical characteristics of sputtered NiO thin films

  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, nickel oxide thin films were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis methods were applied to reveal the structural and morphological properties of sputtered thin films. The XRD pattern of films confirmed the presence of the cubic phase of nickel oxide with the preferential orientation of (200) direction. The surface morphology of thin films was observed as almost uniform and smooth. Optical aspects of sputtered film were studied by employing the room temperature Raman and temperature-dependent transmittance spectroscopy techniques in the range of 10–300 K. Tauc relation and derivative spectroscopy techniques were applied to obtain the band gap energy of the films. In addition, the relation between the band gap energy and the temperature was investigated in detail considering the Varshni optical model. The absolute zero band gap energy, rate of change of band gap energy, and Debye temperature were obtained as 3.57 eV, − 2.77 × 10–4 eV/K and 393 K, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. Salunkhe, A.V. Muhammed Ali, D. Kekuda, Investigation on tailoring physical properties of nickel oxide thin films grown by dc magnetron sputtering. Mater. Res. Express. 7, 016427 (2020)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Garavand, S. Mosivand, Electro-crystallized NiO nanoparticles for river-water treatment applications. Appl. Phys. A 127, 73 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. P. Dubey, N. Kaurav, R.S. Devan, G.S. Okram, Y.K. Kuo, The effect of stoichiometry on the structural, thermal and electronic properties of thermally decomposed nickel oxide. RSC Adv. 8, 5882–5890 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. Bouhank, Y. Bellal, H. Serrar, Study of thin films of nickel oxide (NiO) deposited by the spray pyrolysis method. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 12, 116–120 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  5. M.B. Islam, M. Yanagida, Y. Shirai, Y. Nabetani, K. Miyano, NiOx hole transport layer for perovskite solar cells with improved stability and reproducibility. ACS Omega 2, 2291–2299 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. K.S. Usha, R. Sivakumar, C. Sanjeeviraja, V. Sathe, V. Ganesan, T.Y. Wang, Improved electrochromic performance of a radio frequency magnetron sputtered NiO thin film with high optical switching speed. RSC Adv. 6, 79668–79680 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. J.D. Desai, S.K. Min, K.D. Jung, O.S. Joo, Spray pyrolytic synthesis of large area NiOx thin films from aqueous nickel acetate solutions. Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 1781–1786 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Ozkartal, D.T. Noori, Effects of thermal annealing on the characterization of p-NiO/n-GaAs heterojunctions produced by thermal evaporation. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 32, 13462–13471 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. X. Meng, X.Y. Gao, B.Q. Li, Study on NiO:Zn2+ films fabricated through dc magnetron reactive sputtering: substrate temperature-dependent microstructure pattern, optical and electrical properties. Phys. Scripta 96, 075806 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. P.S. Patil, L.D. Kadam, Preparation and characterization of spray pyrolyzed nickel oxide (NiO) thin films. Appl. Surf. Sci. 199, 211–221 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Visweswaran, R. Venkatachalapathy, M. Haris, R. Murugesan, Structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties of sprayed NiO thin flms by perfume atomizer. Appl. Phys. A 126, 524 (2020)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Zheng, L. Hu, J.S. Yun, M. Zhang, C.F.J. Lau, J. Bing, X. Deng, Q. Ma, Y. Cho, W. Fu, C. Chen, M.A. Green, S. Huang, A.W.Y. Ho-Baillie, Solution-processed, silver-doped NiOx as hole transporting layer for high-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 1, 561–570 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. T.S. Yang, W. Cho, M. Kim, K.-S. An, T.-M. Chung, C.G. Kim, Y. Kim, Atomic layer deposition of nickel oxide films using Ni(dmamp)2 and water. J. Vac. Sci Technol. A Vacuum Surf. Film. 23, 1238–1243 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. K. Nishita, A. Koma, K. Saiki, Growth of NiO films on various GaAs faces via electron bombardment evaporation. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 19, 2282–2286 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Çayır Taşdemirci, Influence of annealing on properties of SILAR deposited nickel oxide films. Vacuum 167, 189–194 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. X. Yan, J. Zheng, L.L. Zheng, G. Lin, H. Lin, G. Chen, B. Du, F. Zhang, Optimization of sputtering NiOx films for perovskite solar cell applications. Mater. Res. Bull. 103, 150–157 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. J.L. Yang, Y.S. Lai, J.S. Chen, Effect of heat treatment on the properties of non-stoichiometric p-type nickel oxide films deposited by reactive sputtering. Thin Solid Films 488, 242–246 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. M.S. Jamal, S.A. Shahahmadi, P. Chelvanathan, H.F. Alharbi, M.R. Karim, M.A. Dar, M. Luqman, N.H. Alharthi, Y.S. Al-Harthi, M. Aminuzzaman, N. Asim, K. Sopian, S.K. Tiong, N. Amin, Md. Akhtaruzzaman, Effects of growth temperature on the photovoltaic properties of RF sputtered undoped NiO thin films. Results Phys. 14, 102360 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Terlemezoglu, O. Bayrakli Sürücü, T. Colakoǧlu, M.K. Abak, H.H. Güllü, C. Ercelebi, M. Parlak, Construction of self-assembled vertical nanoflakes on CZTSSe thin films. Mater. Res. Express. 6, 26421 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. E. Peksu, M. Terlemezoglu, M. Parlak, H. Karaagac, Characterization of one-step deposited Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films derived from a single crystalline powder. Renew. Energy. 143, 1133–1142 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. O. Surucu, M. Isik, M. Terlemezoglu, N.M. Gasanly, M. Parlak, Structural and temperature-tuned bandgap characteristics of thermally evaporated β-In2S3 thin films. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 32, 15851–15856 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. K. Erturk, M. Isik, M. Terlemezoglu, N.M. Gasanly, Optical and structural characteristics of electrodeposited Cd1-xZnxS nanostructured thin films. Opt. Mater. 114, 110966 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. R. Mohammadigharehbagh, S. Özen, H.H. Yudar, S. Pat, Ş Korkmaz, The electrical, elemental, optical, and surface properties of Si-doped ZnO thin films prepared by thermionic vacuum arc. Mater. Res. Express. 4, 096404 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. K. Karthik, G.K. Selvan, M. Kanagaraj, S. Arumugam, N.V. Jaya, Particle size effect on the magnetic properties of NiO nanoparticles prepared by a precipitation method. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 181–184 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. J.I. Pankov, Optical processes in semiconductors (Prentice-Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1971)

    Google Scholar 

  26. S. Pang, C. Zhang, H. Dong, D. Chen, W. Zhu, H. Xi, J. Chang, Z. Lin, J. Zhang, Y. Hao, Efficient NiOx hole transporting layer obtained by the oxidation of metal nickel film for perovskite solar cells. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2, 4700–4707 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. L.K. Dintle, P.V.C. Luhanga, C. Moditswe, C.M. Muiva, Compositional dependence of optical and electrical properties of indium doped zinc oxide (IZO) thin films deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis. Phys. E Low-Dimens. Syst. Nanostructures 99, 91–97 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Delice, M. Isik, H.H. Gullu, M. Terlemezoglu, O. Bayrakli Surucu, M. Parlak, N.M. Gasanly, Temperature dependence of band gaps in sputtered SnSe thin films. J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 131, 22–26 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Y.P. Varshni, Temperature dependence of the energy gap in semiconductors. Physica. 34, 149–154 (1967)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. R. Passler, Basic model relations for temperature dependencies of fundamental energy gaps in semiconductors. Phys. Status Solidi. 200, 155–172 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. O. Surucu, M. Isik, N.M. Gasanly, M. Terlemezoglu, M. Parlak, Temperature-tuned band gap properties of MoS2 thin films. Mater. Lett. 275, 128080 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030, Tekirdag, Turkey

    M. Terlemezoglu

  2. The Center for Solar Research and Applications, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    M. Terlemezoglu & M. Parlak

  3. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Atilim University, 06836, Ankara, Turkey

    O. Surucu & M. Isik

  4. Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

    N. M. Gasanly & M. Parlak

Authors
  1. M. Terlemezoglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. O. Surucu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Isik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. N. M. Gasanly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. Parlak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Isik.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Terlemezoglu, M., Surucu, O., Isik, M. et al. Temperature-dependent optical characteristics of sputtered NiO thin films. Appl. Phys. A 128, 50 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-05197-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-05197-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation