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Nanomechanical evaluation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites reinforced with hybrid graphene nanoplatelets and titanium dioxide

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Abstract

This study further enhanced nanomechanical properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) using hybrid graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopowder. The hybrid nanocomposites were prepared via solution blending and melt-mixing techniques. GNPs and TiO2 nanopowder were surface modified to promote compatibility with the PVDF matrix. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed high degree of dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. The nanomechanical properties were examined using Anton Paar Instrumented Nanoindenter. By incorporation of GNPs-TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles in the matrix, there were increase in nanomechanical behaviors such as hardness, elastic modulus, stiffness and resistance to plastic deformation. For instance, hardness of 3.34wt%GNPs-10wt%TiO2 (115.2 MPa) increased by 79.7% and 17.2% compared to PVDF (64.1 MPa) and 3.34wt%GNPs (98.3 MPa) nanocomposite, respectively. The enhanced properties of the hybrid nanocomposites were due to network strengthening and hardening and restriction of polymer chains mobility offered by rough surfaces of GNPs-TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgement

We appreciate the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment and the Centre for Energy and Electric Power, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa, for their supports

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, Private bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa

    U. O. Uyor, A. P. I. Popoola & V. S. Aigbodion

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, Private bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa

    O. M. Popoola

  3. Center for Energy and Electrical Power, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, Private bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa

    U. O. Uyor & O. M. Popoola

  4. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Private bag 0004, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria

    V. S. Aigbodion

  5. Africa Centre of Excellence On Sustainable Power and Energy Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Private bag 0004, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria

    V. S. Aigbodion

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  1. U. O. Uyor
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Correspondence to U. O. Uyor.

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Uyor, U.O., Popoola, A.P.I., Popoola, O.M. et al. Nanomechanical evaluation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites reinforced with hybrid graphene nanoplatelets and titanium dioxide. Polym. Bull. 79, 2345–2361 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03604-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-021-03604-1

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