Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Liver fibrosis assessment: MR and US elastography

  • Special Section: Quantitative Imaging
  • Published:
Abdominal Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Elastography has emerged as a preferred non-invasive imaging technique for the clinical assessment of liver fibrosis. Elastography methods provide liver stiffness measurement (LSM) as a surrogate quantitative biomarker for fibrosis burden in chronic liver disease (CLD). Elastography can be performed either with ultrasound or MRI. Currently available ultrasound-based methods include strain elastography, two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), point shear wave elastography (pSWE), and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). MR Elastography (MRE) is widely available as two-dimensional gradient echo MRE (2D-GRE-MRE) technique. US-based methods provide estimated Young’s modulus (eYM) and MRE provides magnitude of the complex shear modulus. MRE and ultrasound methods have proven to be accurate methods for detection of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Other clinical applications of elastography include liver decompensation prediction, and differentiation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from simple steatosis (SS). In this review, we briefly describe the different elastography methods, discuss current clinical applications, and provide an overview of advances in the field of liver elastography.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Heidelbaugh JJ, Bruderly M (2006) Cirrhosis and chronic liver failure: part I. Diagnosis and evaluation. Am Fam Physician 74 (5):756-762

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Wynn TA (2008) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. J Pathol 214 (2):199-210. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.2277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Lo RC, Kim H (2017) Histopathological evaluation of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis regression. Clin Mol Hepatol 23 (4):302-307. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2017.0078

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Rosenberg WM (2003) Rating fibrosis progression in chronic liver diseases. J Hepatol 38 (3):357-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00010-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Khalifa A, Rockey DC (2020) The utility of liver biopsy in 2020. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 36 (3):184-191. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000621

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bravo AA, Sheth SG, Chopra S (2001) Liver biopsy. N Engl J Med 344 (7):495-500. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200102153440706

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ratziu V, Charlotte F, Heurtier A, Gombert S, Giral P, Bruckert E, Grimaldi A, Capron F, Poynard T, Group LS (2005) Sampling variability of liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 128 (7):1898-1906. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.03.084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Serpaggi J, Carnot F, Nalpas B, Canioni D, Guechot J, Lebray P, Vallet-Pichard A, Fontaine H, Bedossa P, Pol S (2006) Direct and indirect evidence for the reversibility of cirrhosis. Hum Pathol 37 (12):1519-1526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2006.07.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ellis EL, Mann DA (2012) Clinical evidence for the regression of liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 56 (5):1171-1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2011.09.024

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Xu XY, Wang WS, Zhang QM, Li JL, Sun JB, Qin TT, Liu HB (2019) Performance of common imaging techniques vs serum biomarkers in assessing fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Clin Cases 7 (15):2022-2037. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.2022

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Standish RA, Cholongitas E, Dhillon A, Burroughs AK, Dhillon AP (2006) An appraisal of the histopathological assessment of liver fibrosis. Gut 55 (4):569-578. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2005.084475

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Yin M, Talwalkar JA, Glaser KJ, Venkatesh SK, Chen J, Manduca A, Ehman RL (2011) Dynamic postprandial hepatic stiffness augmentation assessed with MR elastography in patients with chronic liver disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 197 (1):64-70. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.10.5989

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Serai SD, Yin M, Wang H, Ehman RL, Podberesky DJ (2015) Cross-vendor validation of liver magnetic resonance elastography. Abdom Imaging 40 (4):789-794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-014-0282-y

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Singh S, Venkatesh SK, Wang Z, Miller FH, Motosugi U, Low RN, Hassanein T, Asbach P, Godfrey EM, Yin M, Chen J, Keaveny AP, Bridges M, Bohte A, Murad MH, Lomas DJ, Talwalkar JA, Ehman RL (2015) Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance elastography in staging liver fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13 (3):440–451 e446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2014.09.046

  15. Venkatesh SK, Wang G, Teo LL, Ang BW (2014) Magnetic resonance elastography of liver in healthy Asians: normal liver stiffness quantification and reproducibility assessment. J Magn Reson Imaging 39 (1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24084

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Venkatesh SK, Xu S, Tai D, Yu H, Wee A (2014) Correlation of MR elastography with morphometric quantification of liver fibrosis (Fibro-C-Index) in chronic hepatitis B. Magn Reson Med 72 (4):1123-1129. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Serai SD, Obuchowski NA, Venkatesh SK, Sirlin CB, Miller FH, Ashton E, Cole PE, Ehman RL (2017) Repeatability of MR Elastography of Liver: A Meta-Analysis. Radiology 285 (1):92-100. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017161398

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Trout AT, Serai S, Mahley AD, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Dillman JR (2016) Liver Stiffness Measurements with MR Elastography: Agreement and Repeatability across Imaging Systems, Field Strengths, and Pulse Sequences. Radiology 281 (3):793-804. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2016160209

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang K, Manning P, Szeverenyi N, Wolfson T, Hamilton G, Middleton MS, Vaida F, Yin M, Glaser K, Ehman RL, Sirlin CB (2017) Repeatability and reproducibility of 2D and 3D hepatic MR elastography with rigid and flexible drivers at end-expiration and end-inspiration in healthy volunteers. Abdom Radiol (NY) 42 (12):2843-2854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-017-1206-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lee Y, Lee JM, Lee JE, Lee KB, Lee ES, Yoon JH, Yu MH, Baek JH, Shin CI, Han JK, Choi BI (2014) MR elastography for noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis: reproducibility of the examination and reproducibility and repeatability of the liver stiffness value measurement. J Magn Reson Imaging 39 (2):326-331. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24147

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Yasar TK, Wagner M, Bane O, Besa C, Babb JS, Kannengiesser S, Fung M, Ehman RL, Taouli B (2016) Interplatform reproducibility of liver and spleen stiffness measured with MR elastography. J Magn Reson Imaging 43 (5):1064-1072. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25077

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Mannelli L, Godfrey E, Graves MJ, Patterson AJ, Beddy P, Bowden D, Joubert I, Priest AN, Lomas DJ (2012) Magnetic resonance elastography: feasibility of liver stiffness measurements in healthy volunteers at 3T. Clin Radiol 67 (3):258-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2011.08.022

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Yin M, Talwalkar JA, Glaser KJ, Manduca A, Grimm RC, Rossman PJ, Fidler JL, Ehman RL (2007) Assessment of hepatic fibrosis with magnetic resonance elastography. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 (10):1207–1213 e1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2007.06.012

  24. Venkatesh SK, Yin M, Ehman RL (2013) Magnetic resonance elastography of liver: clinical applications. J Comput Assist Tomogr 37 (6):887-896. https://doi.org/10.1097/RCT.0000000000000032

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Serai SD, Dillman JR, Trout AT (2017) Spin-echo Echo-planar Imaging MR Elastography versus Gradient-echo MR Elastography for Assessment of Liver Stiffness in Children and Young Adults Suspected of Having Liver Disease. Radiology 282 (3):761-770. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2016160589

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Trout AT, Anupindi SA, Gee MS, Khanna G, Xanthakos SA, Serai SD, Baikpour M, Calle-Toro JS, Ozturk A, Zhang B, Dillman JR (2020) Normal Liver Stiffness Measured with MR Elastography in Children. Radiology 297 (3):663-669. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201513

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Trout AT, Sheridan RM, Serai SD, Xanthakos SA, Su W, Zhang B, Wallihan DB (2018) Diagnostic Performance of MR Elastography for Liver Fibrosis in Children and Young Adults with a Spectrum of Liver Diseases. Radiology 287 (3):824-832. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2018172099

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Venkatesh SK, Yin M, Ehman RL (2013) Magnetic resonance elastography of liver: technique, analysis, and clinical applications. J Magn Reson Imaging 37 (3):544-555. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23731

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Idilman IS, Li J, Yin M, Venkatesh SK (2020) MR elastography of liver: current status and future perspectives. Abdom Radiol (NY) 45 (11):3444-3462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-020-02656-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Mariappan YK, Glaser KJ, Ehman RL (2010) Magnetic resonance elastography: a review. Clin Anat 23 (5):497-511. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.21006

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Guglielmo FF, Venkatesh SK, Mitchell DG (2019) Liver MR Elastography Technique and Image Interpretation: Pearls and Pitfalls. Radiographics 39 (7):1983-2002. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2019190034

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Dzyubak B, Venkatesh SK, Manduca A, Glaser KJ, Ehman RL (2016) Automated liver elasticity calculation for MR elastography. J Magn Reson Imaging 43 (5):1055-1063. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25072

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Masugi Y, Abe T, Tsujikawa H, Effendi K, Hashiguchi A, Abe M, Imai Y, Hino K, Hige S, Kawanaka M, Yamada G, Kage M, Korenaga M, Hiasa Y, Mizokami M, Sakamoto M (2018) Quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis reveals a nonlinear association with fibrosis stage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2 (1):58-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Rustogi R, Horowitz J, Harmath C, Wang Y, Chalian H, Ganger DR, Chen ZE, Bolster BD, Jr., Shah S, Miller FH (2012) Accuracy of MR elastography and anatomic MR imaging features in the diagnosis of severe hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 35 (6):1356-1364. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23585

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Ichikawa S, Motosugi U, Ichikawa T, Sano K, Morisaka H, Enomoto N, Matsuda M, Fujii H, Araki T (2012) Magnetic resonance elastography for staging liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Magn Reson Med Sci 11 (4):291-297. https://doi.org/10.2463/mrms.11.291

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Hoodeshenas S, Yin M, Venkatesh SK (2018) Magnetic Resonance Elastography of Liver: Current Update. Top Magn Reson Imaging 27 (5):319-333. https://doi.org/10.1097/RMR.0000000000000177

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Gidener T, Ahmed OT, Larson JJ, Mara KC, Therneau TM, Venkatesh SK, Ehman RL, Yin M, Allen AM (2020) Liver Stiffness by Magnetic Resonance Elastography Predicts Future Cirrhosis, Decompensation, and Death in NAFLD. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.044

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Asrani SK, Talwalkar JA, Kamath PS, Shah VH, Saracino G, Jennings L, Gross JB, Venkatesh S, Ehman RL (2014) Role of magnetic resonance elastography in compensated and decompensated liver disease. J Hepatol 60 (5):934-939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2013.12.016

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Talwalkar JA, Yin M, Venkatesh S, Rossman PJ, Grimm RC, Manduca A, Romano A, Kamath PS, Ehman RL (2009) Feasibility of in vivo MR elastographic splenic stiffness measurements in the assessment of portal hypertension. AJR Am J Roentgenol 193 (1):122-127. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.07.3504

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Abe H, Midorikawa Y, Matsumoto N, Moriyama M, Shibutani K, Okada M, Udagawa S, Tsuji S, Takayama T (2019) Prediction of esophageal varices by liver and spleen MR elastography. Eur Radiol 29 (12):6611-6619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06230-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Sun HY, Lee JM, Han JK, Choi BI (2014) Usefulness of MR elastography for predicting esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 39 (3):559-566. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24186

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Takamura T, Motosugi U, Ichikawa S, Sano K, Morisaka H, Ichikawa T, Enomoto N, Onishi H (2016) Usefulness of MR elastography for detecting clinical progression of cirrhosis from child-pugh class A to B in patients with type C viral hepatitis. J Magn Reson Imaging 44 (3):715-722. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Singh S, Fujii LL, Murad MH, Wang Z, Asrani SK, Ehman RL, Kamath PS, Talwalkar JA (2013) Liver stiffness is associated with risk of decompensation, liver cancer, and death in patients with chronic liver diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 11 (12):1573–1584 e1571–1572; quiz e1588–1579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2013.07.034

  44. Han MAT, Vipani A, Noureddin N, Ramirez K, Gornbein J, Saouaf R, Baniesh N, Cummings-John O, Okubote T, Setiawan VW, Rotman Y, Loomba R, Alkhouri N, Noureddin M (2020) MR elastography-based liver fibrosis correlates with liver events in nonalcoholic fatty liver patients: A multicenter study. Liver Int 40 (9):2242-2251. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14593

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Ichikawa S, Motosugi U, Enomoto N, Onishi H (2019) Magnetic resonance elastography can predict development of hepatocellular carcinoma with longitudinally acquired two-point data. Eur Radiol 29 (2):1013-1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5640-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Motosugi U, Ichikawa T, Koshiishi T, Sano K, Morisaka H, Ichikawa S, Enomoto N, Matsuda M, Fujii H, Araki T (2013) Liver stiffness measured by magnetic resonance elastography as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary case-control study. Eur Radiol 23 (1):156-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-012-2571-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Lee DH, Lee JM, Chang W, Yoon JH, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Han JK (2018) Prognostic Role of Liver Stiffness Measurements Using Magnetic Resonance Elastography in Patients with Compensated Chronic Liver Disease. Eur Radiol 28 (8):3513-3521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-017-5278-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Cho HJ, Kim B, Kim HJ, Huh J, Kim JK, Lee JH, Seo CW, Ahn HR, Eun JW, Kim SS, Cho SW, Cheong JY (2020) Liver stiffness measured by MR elastography is a predictor of early HCC recurrence after treatment. Eur Radiol 30 (8):4182-4192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06792-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Reeder SB, Cruite I, Hamilton G, Sirlin CB (2011) Quantitative Assessment of Liver Fat with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging 34 (4):729-749. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22580; https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22775

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Adams LA, Lymp JF, St Sauver J, Sanderson SO, Lindor KD, Feldstein A, Angulo P (2005) The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology 129 (1):113-121. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.04.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Browning JD, Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins R, Nuremberg P, Horton JD, Cohen JC, Grundy SM, Hobbs HH (2004) Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology 40 (6):1387-1395. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.20466

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Liu Y, Zhong GC, Tan HY, Hao FB, Hu JJ (2019) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 9 (1):11124. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47687-3

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Chen J, Talwalkar JA, Yin M, Glaser KJ, Sanderson SO, Ehman RL (2011) Early detection of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by using MR elastography. Radiology 259 (3):749-756. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11101942

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Costa-Silva L, Ferolla SM, Lima AS, Vidigal PVT, Ferrari TCA (2018) MR elastography is effective for the non-invasive evaluation of fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Radiol 98:82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.11.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Venkatesh SK, Yin M, Glockner JF, Takahashi N, Araoz PA, Talwalkar JA, Ehman RL (2008) MR elastography of liver tumors: preliminary results. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190 (6):1534-1540. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.07.3123

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Garteiser P, Doblas S, Daire JL, Wagner M, Leitao H, Vilgrain V, Sinkus R, Van Beers BE (2012) MR elastography of liver tumours: value of viscoelastic properties for tumour characterisation. Eur Radiol 22 (10):2169-2177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-012-2474-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Yoon JH, Lee JM, Suh KS, Lee KW, Yi NJ, Lee KB, Han JK, Choi BI (2015) Combined Use of MR Fat Quantification and MR Elastography in Living Liver Donors: Can It Reduce the Need for Preoperative Liver Biopsy? Radiology 276 (2):453-464. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.15140908

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Gallegos-Orozco JF, Silva AC, Batheja MJ, Chang YH, Hansen KL, Lam-Himlin D, De Petris G, Aqel BA, Byrne TJ, Carey EJ, Douglas DD, Mulligan DC, Silva AM, Rakela J, Vargas HE (2015) Magnetic resonance elastography can discriminate normal vs. abnormal liver biopsy in candidates for live liver donation. Abdom Imaging 40 (4):795–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-014-0310-y

  59. Lee VS, Miller FH, Omary RA, Wang Y, Ganger DR, Wang E, Rao S, Levitsky J (2011) Magnetic resonance elastography and biomarkers to assess fibrosis from recurrent hepatitis C in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 92 (5):581-586. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0b013e31822805fa

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Navin PJ, Olson MC, Knudsen JM, Venkatesh SK (2020) Elastography in the evaluation of liver allograft. Abdom Radiol (NY). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-019-02400-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Singh S, Venkatesh SK, Keaveny A, Adam S, Miller FH, Asbach P, Godfrey EM, Silva AC, Wang Z, Murad MH, Asrani SK, Lomas DJ, Ehman RL (2016) Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography in liver transplant recipients: A pooled analysis. Ann Hepatol 15 (3):363-376. https://doi.org/10.5604/16652681.1198808

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Tang A, Cloutier G, Szeverenyi NM, Sirlin CB (2015) Ultrasound Elastography and MR Elastography for Assessing Liver Fibrosis: Part 1, Principles and Techniques. AJR Am J Roentgenol 205 (1):22-32. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.15.14552

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Morisaka H, Motosugi U, Glaser KJ, Ichikawa S, Ehman RL, Sano K, Ichikawa T, Onishi H (2017) Comparison of diagnostic accuracies of two- and three-dimensional MR elastography of the liver. J Magn Reson Imaging 45 (4):1163-1170. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25425

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Sigrist RMS, Liau J, Kaffas AE, Chammas MC, Willmann JK (2017) Ultrasound Elastography: Review of Techniques and Clinical Applications. Theranostics 7 (5):1303-1329. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.18650

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Ozturk A, Grajo JR, Dhyani M, Anthony BW, Samir AE (2018) Principles of ultrasound elastography. Abdom Radiol (NY) 43 (4):773-785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-018-1475-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Fu J, Wu B, Wu H, Lin F, Deng W (2020) Accuracy of real-time shear wave elastography in staging hepatic fibrosis: a meta-analysis. BMC Med Imaging 20 (1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12880-020-0414-5

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Jiang W, Huang S, Teng H, Wang P, Wu M, Zhou X, Ran H (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of point shear wave elastography and transient elastography for staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open 8 (8):e021787. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021787

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Martens S, Sarrazin C, Bojunga J, Zeuzem S, Herrmann E (2008) Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 134 (4):960-974. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.034

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Ferraioli G, De Silvestri A, Lissandrin R, Maiocchi L, Tinelli C, Filice C, Barr RG (2019) Evaluation of Inter-System Variability in Liver Stiffness Measurements. Ultraschall Med 40 (1):64-75. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-124184

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Gilligan LA, Trout AT, Bennett P, Dillman JR (2020) Repeatability and Agreement of Shear Wave Speed Measurements in Phantoms and Human Livers Across 6 Ultrasound 2-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography Systems. Invest Radiol 55 (4):191-199. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0000000000000627

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Lim JK, Flamm SL, Singh S, Falck-Ytter YT, Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American Gastroenterological A (2017) American Gastroenterological Association Institute Guideline on the Role of Elastography in the Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis. Gastroenterology 152 (6):1536-1543. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. de Franchis R, Baveno VIF (2015) Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol 63 (3):743-752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.022

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Ferraioli G, Wong VW, Castera L, Berzigotti A, Sporea I, Dietrich CF, Choi BI, Wilson SR, Kudo M, Barr RG (2018) Liver Ultrasound Elastography: An Update to the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology Guidelines and Recommendations. Ultrasound Med Biol 44 (12):2419-2440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.07.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Barr RG, Wilson SR, Rubens D, Garcia-Tsao G, Ferraioli G (2020) Update to the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Liver Elastography Consensus Statement. Radiology 296 (2):263-274. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020192437

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Hudson JM, Milot L, Parry C, Williams R, Burns PN (2013) Inter- and intra-operator reliability and repeatability of shear wave elastography in the liver: a study in healthy volunteers. Ultrasound Med Biol 39 (6):950-955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.12.011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Bruce M, Kolokythas O, Ferraioli G, Filice C, O'Donnell M (2017) Limitations and artifacts in shear-wave elastography of the liver. Biomed Eng Lett 7 (2):81-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-017-0028-1

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Palmeri ML, Milkowski A, Barr R, Carson P, Couade M, Chen J, Chen S, Dhyani M, Ehman R, Garra B, Gee A, Guenette G, Hah Z, Lynch T, Macdonald M, Managuli R, Miette V, Nightingale KR, Obuchowski N, Rouze NC, Morris DC, Fielding S, Deng Y, Chan D, Choudhury K, Yang S, Samir AE, Shamdasani V, Urban M, Wear K, Xie H, Ozturk A, Qiang B, Song P, McAleavey S, Rosenzweig S, Wang M, Okamura Y, McLaughlin G, Chen Y, Napolitano D, Carlson L, Erpelding T, Hall TJ (2021) Radiological Society of North America/Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance Shear Wave Speed Bias Quantification in Elastic and Viscoelastic Phantoms. J Ultrasound Med 40 (3):569-581. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.15609

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Giuffre M, Giuricin M, Bonazza D, Rosso N, Giraudi PJ, Masutti F, Palmucci S, Basile A, Zanconati F, de Manzini N, Tiribelli C, Palmisano S, Croce LS (2020) Optimization of Point-Shear Wave Elastography by Skin-to-Liver Distance to Assess Liver Fibrosis in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Diagnostics (Basel) 10 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100795

  79. Nadebaum DP, Nicoll AJ, Sood S, Gorelik A, Gibson RN (2018) Variability of Liver Shear Wave Measurements Using a New Ultrasound Elastographic Technique. J Ultrasound Med 37 (3):647-656. https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.14375

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Berger A, Shili S, Zuberbuhler F, Hiriart JB, Lannes A, Chermak F, Hunault G, Foucher J, Oberti F, Fouchard-Hubert I, Cales P, de Ledinghen V, Boursier J (2019) Liver Stiffness Measurement With FibroScan: Use the Right Probe in the Right Conditions! Clin Transl Gastroenterol 10 (4):e00023. https://doi.org/10.14309/ctg.0000000000000023

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Ozturk A, Mohammadi R, Pierce TT, Kamarthi S, Dhyani M, Grajo JR, Corey KE, Chung RT, Bhan AK, Chhatwal J, Samir AE (2020) Diagnostic Accuracy of Shear Wave Elastography as a Non-invasive Biomarker of High-Risk Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Ultrasound Med Biol 46 (4):972-980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.12.020

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  82. Trifanov DS, Dhyani M, Bledsoe JR, Misdraji J, Bhan AK, Chung RT, Samir AE (2015) Amyloidosis of the liver on shear wave elastography: case report and review of literature. Abdom Imaging 40 (8):3078-3083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-015-0519-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Cassinotto C, Boursier J, de Ledinghen V, Lebigot J, Lapuyade B, Cales P, Hiriart JB, Michalak S, Bail BL, Cartier V, Mouries A, Oberti F, Fouchard-Hubert I, Vergniol J, Aube C (2016) Liver stiffness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comparison of supersonic shear imaging, FibroScan, and ARFI with liver biopsy. Hepatology 63 (6):1817-1827. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.28394

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Deng Y, Palmeri ML, Rouze NC, Haystead CM, Nightingale KR (2018) Evaluating the Benefit of Elevated Acoustic Output in Harmonic Motion Estimation in Ultrasonic Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 44 (2):303-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.10.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Deng Y, Palmeri ML, Rouze NC, Rosenzweig SJ, Abdelmalek MF, Nightingale KR (2015) Analyzing the Impact of Increasing Mechanical Index and Energy Deposition on Shear Wave Speed Reconstruction in Human Liver. Ultrasound Med Biol 41 (7):1948-1957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.02.019

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  86. Durot I, Akhbardeh A, Sagreiya H, Loening AM, Rubin DL (2020) A New Multimodel Machine Learning Framework to Improve Hepatic Fibrosis Grading Using Ultrasound Elastography Systems from Different Vendors. Ultrasound Med Biol 46 (1):26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.09.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Wang K, Lu X, Zhou H, Gao Y, Zheng J, Tong M, Wu C, Liu C, Huang L, Jiang T, Meng F, Lu Y, Ai H, Xie XY, Yin LP, Liang P, Tian J, Zheng R (2019) Deep learning Radiomics of shear wave elastography significantly improved diagnostic performance for assessing liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B: a prospective multicentre study. Gut 68 (4):729-741. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Gatos I, Tsantis S, Spiliopoulos S, Karnabatidis D, Theotokas I, Zoumpoulis P, Loupas T, Hazle JD, Kagadis GC (2019) Temporal stability assessment in shear wave elasticity images validated by deep learning neural network for chronic liver disease fibrosis stage assessment. Med Phys 46 (5):2298-2309. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13521

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Brattain LJ, Ozturk A, Telfer BA, Dhyani M, Grajo JR, Samir AE (2020) Image Processing Pipeline for Liver Fibrosis Classification Using Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography. Ultrasound Med Biol 46 (10):2667-2676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.05.016

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Parker KJ, Ormachea J, Zvietcovich F, Castaneda B (2017) Reverberant shear wave fields and estimation of tissue properties. Phys Med Biol 62 (3):1046-1061. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa5201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Ormachea J, Parker KJ, Barr RG (2019) An initial study of complete 2D shear wave dispersion images using a reverberant shear wave field. Phys Med Biol 64 (14):145009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab2778

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Yin M, Venkatesh SK (2018) Ultrasound or MR elastography of liver: which one shall I use? Abdom Radiol (NY) 43 (7):1546-1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-017-1340-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Venkatesh SK, Ehman RL (2014) Magnetic resonance elastography of liver. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 22(3):433–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2014.05.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Dr. Samir’s contribution was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award No. R01 DK119860. Dr. Venkatesh’s contribution was supported by National Institute of Health Grant (EB001981) and U.S. Department of Defense grant (W81XWH-19–1-0583–01). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Institutes of Health or U.S. Department of Defense.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Arinc Ozturk, Michael C. Olson, Anthony Samir, and Sudhakar K. Venkatesh have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Arinc Ozturk & Anthony E. Samir

  2. Division of Abdominal Imaging, Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Michael C. Olson & Sudhakar K. Venkatesh

Authors
  1. Arinc Ozturk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael C. Olson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anthony E. Samir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sudhakar K. Venkatesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sudhakar K. Venkatesh.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

No ethics approval was needed.

Financial interests

The authors declare no financial interests.

Non-financial interests

None.

Human and animal rights

This review article did not involve any research involving human participants and/or animals.

Data Availability

No data available.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ozturk, A., Olson, M.C., Samir, A.E. et al. Liver fibrosis assessment: MR and US elastography. Abdom Radiol 47, 3037–3050 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-021-03269-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-021-03269-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation