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The association of coffee consumption with the risk of osteoporosis and fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Summary

To elucidate the association of coffee and bone health would help fracture risk reduction via dietary intervention. Although those who had higher coffee consumption were less likely to have osteoporosis, the associations between coffee consumption and fracture risk need further investigations with better study designs.

Introduction

The associations between coffee consumption and the risk of osteoporosis and fracture remain inconclusive. We aimed to better quantify these associations by conducting meta-analyses of observational studies.

Methods

Relevant studies were systematically searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Embase Database up to November 25, 2021. The odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was pooled and a dose–response analysis was performed.

Results

Four studies with 7114 participants for osteoporosis and thirteen studies with 391,956 participants for fracture incidence were included in the meta-analyses. High versus low coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis [pooled OR (95% CI): 0.79 (0.65–0.92)], while it was non-significantly associated with fracture incidence [pooled OR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.67–1.05) at hip and 0.89 (0.42–1.36) at non-hip]. A non-linear association between the level of coffee consumption and hip fracture incidence was shown (P = 0.004). The pooled RR (95% CI) of hip fracture risk in those who consumed 1, 2–3, 4, and ≥ 9 cups of coffee per day was 0.92 (0.87–0.97), 0.89 (0.83–0.95), 0.91 (0.85–0.98), and 1.10 (0.76–1.59), respectively. The significance in the association between coffee consumption and the hip fracture incidence decreased in those studies that had larger sample size, higher quality, and more adjustments.

Conclusions

A dose-dependent relationship may exist between coffee consumption and hip fracture incidence. The effect of high versus low coffee consumption was influenced by study designs. Further studies with dedicated designs are needed to confirm the independent effects of coffee consumption on bone health.

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Data availability

Data, code, and other materials that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank all participants dedicated to contributing to the study. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 82003541], the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China [No. 2021JJ40371], and the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province [No. 20B367].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 371 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410000, China

    X. Zeng, Y. Su, A. Tan, W. Zha, S. Yi & Y. Lv

  2. Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, China

    L. Zou

  3. Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

    T. Kwok

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Zeng, X., Su, Y., Tan, A. et al. The association of coffee consumption with the risk of osteoporosis and fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 33, 1871–1893 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-022-06399-7

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