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Coffee, tea, and the risk of hip fracture: a meta-analysis

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Abstract

Summary

The present meta-analysis shows no clear association between coffee consumption and the risk of hip fractures. There was a nonlinear association between tea consumption and the risk of hip fracture. Compared to no tea consumption, drinking 1−4 cups of tea daily was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture.

Introduction

Prospective cohort and case–control studies have suggested that coffee and tea consumption may be associated with the risk of hip fracture; the results have, however, been inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of hip fracture.

Methods

We performed systematic searches using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and OVID until February 20, 2013, without limits of language or publication year. Relative risks (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were derived using random-effects models throughout all analyses. We conducted categorical, dose–response, heterogeneity, publication bias, and subgroup analyses.

Results

Our study was based on 195,992 individuals with 9,958 cases of hip fractures from 14 studies, including six cohort and eight case–control studies. The pooled RRs of hip fractures for the highest vs. the lowest categories of coffee and tea consumption were 0.94 (95 % CI 0.71–1.17) and 0.84 (95 % CI 0.66–1.02), respectively. For the dose–response analysis, we found evidence of a nonlinear association between tea consumption and the risk of hip fracture (p nonlinearity < 0.01). Compared to no tea consumption, 1–4 cups of tea per day may reduce the risk of hip fracture by 28 % (0.72; 95 % CI 0.56–0.88 for 1–2 cups/day), 37 % (0.63; 95 % CI 0.32–0.94 for 2–3 cups/day), and 21 % (0.79; 95 % CI 0.62–0.96 for 3–4 cups/day).

Conclusions

We found no significant association between coffee consumption and the risk of hip fracture. A nonlinear association emerged between tea consumption and the risk of hip fracture; individuals drinking 1–4 cups of tea per day exhibited a lower risk of hip fractures than those who drank no tea. The association between 5 daily cups of tea, or more, and hip fracture risk should be investigated.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Fund for Key National Basic Research Program of China (grant 2012CB619101), Major Basic Research of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (grant no. 11DJ1400303), Key Disciplines of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (grant no. J50206), Scientific Research from the National Natural Science Foundation for the Youth of China (grant no. 81201364), and Innovative Research from Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (grant no. 13YZ031). The funding sources had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, data interpretation, or the writing of the report.

Conflicts of interest

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    J. Sheng

  2. Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China

    X. Qu, Z. Zhai, H. Li, X. Liu, H. Li, Z. Zhu, Y. Hao, A. Qin & K. Dai

  3. Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    X. Zhang

  4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China

    G. Liu

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  1. J. Sheng
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Correspondence to A. Qin or K. Dai.

Additional information

Jing Sheng, Xinhua Qu, and Xiaoyu Zhang contributed equally as first coauthors.

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Sheng, J., Qu, X., Zhang, X. et al. Coffee, tea, and the risk of hip fracture: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 25, 141–150 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-013-2563-7

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