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Formation and water quality evaluation of spring groups in the basalt area of Changbai Mountains

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Abstract

Changbai Mountains is one of the important water sources of mineral spring in China, whose mineral springs are in concentrated distribution of the basalt stratum in the form of spring groups. To further explore the formation and water quality characteristics of spring groups, the hydrochemical data, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, and tritium isotopes data of spring water in the field were collected, and the chemical characteristics of mineral water and its influencing factors as well as the source of mineral water were analyzed. According to the elevation effect of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, the recharge elevation of mineral springs is calculated, the recharge runoff and discharge areas of spring groups are delineated, and the age of mineral springs is determined by radioactive tritium isotopes. Based on the groundwater quality criterion, the set pair analysis model is used to evaluate the quality of spring water. The results indicate that: (1) the hydrochemical type of mineral springs is mainly HCO3−Ca+Mg+Na, and atmospheric precipitation is the recharge source of groundwater. Mineral springs and groundwater replenish a large amount of surface water, which makes the content of H2SiO3 abnormally high. (2) The mineral spring in the research area is in the same groundwater flow system, and is the shallow groundwater recharge with relatively short cycling time. The area above 769 m altitude is the recharge area of spring groups. (3) The water quality grade of some mineral springs is not the top Grade I, and the main component affecting the water quality grade is NO3−. The results are helpful to understanding the formation and water quality of mineral spring in the basalt area of Changbai Mountains, and provide a basis for the protection and multi-purpose development of mineral spring resources.

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Funding

This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China, grant number 2019YFC0409103, and the Key R&D Program of Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, grant number 20190303076SF. The funding body has funded sample collection tests and data analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China

    Jialin Li, Jianmin Bian, Yihan Li & Wenhao Sun

  2. College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China

    Jialin Li, Jianmin Bian, Yihan Li & Wenhao Sun

Authors
  1. Jialin Li
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  2. Jianmin Bian
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  3. Yihan Li
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  4. Wenhao Sun
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Contributions

JL: data curation, formal analysis, methodology, software, and writing. JB: conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, resources, supervision, review, and editing. YL: investigation and validation. WS: investigation and visualization. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jianmin Bian.

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Li, J., Bian, J., Li, Y. et al. Formation and water quality evaluation of spring groups in the basalt area of Changbai Mountains. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 7, 90 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-021-00570-4

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