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Research on the exploitation and utilization degree of mineral water based on ecological base flow in the Changbai Mountain basalt area, northeast China

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Abstract

Mineral water from the Changbai Mountain basalt area is China's most important source of drinking water. Mineral water with abundant output and enriched trace elements has driven the rapid development of the local economy. However, the extensive exploitation of mineral water and the neglect of ecological base flows threaten interdependent river ecosystems. In order to ensure the sustainable use of mineral water, it’s necessary to calculate the exploitation and utilization of mineral water according to the ecological base flow. In this study, four hydrological methods were used to analyze the intra-annual and inter-annual ecological base flows, namely the Tennant method, the base flow ratio method, the driest monthly average flow method and the Texas method. The results show that the ecological base flow during the flood season is about 3–4 times that during the non-flood season. Affected by rainfall and runoff, the inter-annual ecological base flow also fluctuated within a small range. This study divides the mineral water exploitation coefficient into five categories and proposes an assessment of the mineral water exploitation potential based on the ecological base flow. It shows that the flow of Baijiang River spring group is the largest, but it’s exploitation potential is normal. Huangni River spring group at weak level for exploitation because of its small flow rate. It’s obvious that river runoff is not the only factor that determines the exploitation coefficient of the spring group. The proportion of ecological base flow and the proportion of river base flow are also important factors.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor.

Funding

This work was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41572216), the project for China Geological Survey (Grant No. DD20190340), Jilin Province Geological Prospecting Fund (Grant No. 2018–13), the special project for provincial school co-construction plan (Grant No. SXGJQY2017-6), and the key research and development program of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2017ZDCXL-SF-03–01-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, No 2519, Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China

    Ge Wang, Changlai Xiao, Zhiwei Qi, Qiaofeng Lai, Fanao Meng & Xiujuan Liang

  2. Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, No 2519, Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China

    Ge Wang, Changlai Xiao, Zhiwei Qi, Qiaofeng Lai, Fanao Meng & Xiujuan Liang

  3. Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-Situ Conversion, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China

    Ge Wang, Changlai Xiao, Zhiwei Qi, Qiaofeng Lai, Fanao Meng & Xiujuan Liang

  4. College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, No 2519, Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China

    Ge Wang, Changlai Xiao, Zhiwei Qi, Qiaofeng Lai, Fanao Meng & Xiujuan Liang

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  1. Ge Wang
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  2. Changlai Xiao
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Contributions

Conceptualization, G.W.; Data curation, C.X. and X.L.; Formal analysis, G.W., Z.Q., Q.L. and F.M.; Funding acquisition, C.X. and X.L.; Methodology, G.W.; Project administration, C.X. and X.L.; Supervision, X.L.; Writing—original draft, G.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiujuan Liang.

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Wang, G., Xiao, C., Qi, Z. et al. Research on the exploitation and utilization degree of mineral water based on ecological base flow in the Changbai Mountain basalt area, northeast China. Environ Geochem Health 44, 1995–2007 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-00865-7

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