Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered as the micromanagers of gene expression. They are said to be involved in several physiological and pathological processes. They are capable of altering the hallmarks of cancer and hence are considered as prominent cancer biomarkers. More recently, the microRNAs related polymorphism, i.e. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or (poly-miRs’) are reported and are exhaustively being studied. SNPs or (poly-miRs’) might occur in the miRNA biogenesis pathway, in miRNAs themselves or in their target binding sites, the consequences of such polymorphism, and its impact on life still remain dubious. miRNAs have known to be implicated in several diseases including cancer, revealed from a pool of studies performed in past years. Moreover, several studies have reported a strong association between SNPs to susceptibility as well as the prognosis towards cancer. Polymorphisms in miRNAs are even found to be associated with breast cancer and evidential support suggests that they substantially increase breast cancer susceptibility. In this chapter, we will summarize and discuss the most recent shreds of evidence explaining the role of miRNAs and the poly-miRs’ in cancer pathogenesis, with particular emphasis on breast cancer susceptibility and prognosis.
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Abbreviations
- 3′-UTR:
-
3′-untranslated regions
- ADRB2:
-
Gene coding for beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2 adrenoreceptor)
- Ago:
-
Argonaute
- BRCA1:
-
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein
- BRCA2:
-
Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein
- C. elegans:
-
Caenorhabditis elegans
- CI:
-
Confidence interval
- CLDN12:
-
Gene coding for Claudin-12
- CLL:
-
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- CSCs:
-
Cancer stem cells
- DFS:
-
Disease-free survival
- DGCR8:
-
DiGeorge syndromecriticalregiongene8
- DHFR:
-
Dihydrofolate reductase
- EIF2C1/2:
-
Eukaryotic translation initiation factors 2C 1 and 2
- EMT:
-
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- Expo/Xpo:
-
Exportin
- GEMIN 3:
-
Gem-associated protein 3
- GEMIN 4:
-
Gem-associated protein 4
- GWASs:
-
Genome-wide association studies
- HCV:
-
Hepatitis C virus
- HIF1AN:
-
Gene coding for Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor
- KRAS-V:
-
V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
- LNA:
-
Locked nucleic acid
- miRNA:
-
microRNA
- miRNPs:
-
miRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein particles
- MMP:
-
Metalloproteinase
- OR:
-
Odds ratio
- OS:
-
Overall survival
- Pol II:
-
Polymerase II
- Pol III:
-
Polymerase III
- Pre-miRNA:
-
Precursor microRNA
- Pri-miRNA:
-
Primary miRNA transcript
- RA:
-
Rheumatoid arthritis
- RAN:
-
RAS-related nuclear protein
- RISC:
-
RNA-induced silencing complex
- RPS6KB1:
-
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1
- SLE:
-
Systemic lupus erythematosus
- SNPs:
-
Single nucleotide polymorphism
- TARBP 2:
-
Transactivation-responsive RNA-binding protein2
- TNRC6A:
-
Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6A
- ZNF839:
-
Zinc finger protein 839
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Yasmeen, N., Kumar, V., Shaikh, K.D. (2021). Impact of MicroRNA Polymorphisms on Breast Cancer Susceptibility. In: Sameer, A.S., Banday, M.Z., Nissar, S. (eds) Genetic Polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6699-2_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6699-2_3
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