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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapeutic Applications in Central Nervous System Disorders

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Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine

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Abstract

Mammalian nervous system is the most complex and little understood system of the body. An ailment to any structure of the central nervous system often leads to the mal- or non-function of the particular body organ or system controlled centrally. Currently, no therapeutic modality addresses these ailments in an effective way. As such regenerative medicine employing stem cells are being evaluated. Central nervous system is not devoid of stem cells; however, the limited concentration and their specific localization together with the environmental effect make their actions little effective. As such mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being evaluated due to their characteristic properties like multiplication, differentiation, homing, immunomodulation/anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and reduction of apoptosis. In humans, more extensive studies are conducted as compared to the animals. There are numerous studies demonstrating MSCs in vitro neural-like cell differentiation, although some questions remain to be answered. In vivo applications are extended to various affections involving the meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO), canine distemper, global hypoxia injury, myelomeningocele (MMC) Parkinson’s disease (PD), spinal cord injury (SCI), intervertebral disc disease and Wobbler syndrome in animals. In all these studies, MSCs potential therapeutic role occurs through immunomodulation/anti-inflammatory actions (inhibiting astrogliosis and microgliosis), angiogenesis and growth and proliferation of local neural cells. Such a potential is further enhanced with the gene transfection and addition of scaffolds. However, the literature available on MSCs is limited enough to provide evidence-based medicine in case of different neural affections. The current chapter focuses on MSCs properties in relation to the central nervous system and their potential therapeutic applications in different clinical ailments.

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  1. Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

    Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo PhD

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Gugjoo, M.B. (2022). Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapeutic Applications in Central Nervous System Disorders. In: Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3277-9_5

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