Abstract
Hierarchical visual attention refers to the global and local visual pathways that process information that gets integrated to support where one places their attention visually. These Pathways have been found to integrate slower than is typical causing overwhelm and misinformation. This chapter explores this hidden dimension of vision by discussing eye movements, technologies that employ eye trackers to study eye movements, and technology that projects the filter images. By low level characteristics of the image–specifically the low level sensory processing that is manipulated is special frequency and luminance. This is done to alleviate some of the processing burden of the global and local integration disturbance, also known as local interference. Discussion of local interference in other neurodivergent conditions is also discussed specifically in ADHD and dyslexia. Design implications around filtering out distraction visually are provided.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdo, M., & Al Osman, H. (2019). Technology impact on reading and writing skills of children with autism: A systematic literature review. Health and Technology, 9(5), 725–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-019-00317-4
Ahissar, M., & Hochstein, S. (2004). The reverse hierarchy theory of visual perceptual learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(10), 457–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.08.011
Akerman, A., Etkovitch, A., & Kalanthroff, E. (2023). Global-local processing in ADHD is not limited to the visuospatial domain: Novel evidence from the auditory domain. Journal of Attention Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1177/10870547231153952
Almourad, M. B., & Bataineh, E. (2020). Visual Attention toward Human Face Recognizing for Autism Spectrum Disorder and Normal Developing Children: An Eye Tracking Study. In Proceedings of the 2020 The 6th International Conference on E-Business and Applications (pp. 99–104). https://doi.org/10.1145/3387263.3387283
Amso, D., Haas, S., Tenenbaum, E., Markant, J., & Sheinkopf, S. J. (2014). Bottom-up attention orienting in young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(3), 664–673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1925-5
Atkinson, J. (2017). The Davida Teller Award Lecture, 2016: visual brain development: a review of “dorsal stream vulnerability”—motion, mathematics, amblyopia, actions, and attention. Journal of Vision, 17(3), 26. https://doi.org/10.1167/17.3.26
Badcock, D. R., Clifford, C. W. G., & Khuu, S. K. (2005). Interactions between luminance and contrast signals in global form detection. Vision Research, 45(7), 881–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2004.09.042
Baisa, A., Mevorach, C., & Shalev, L. (2019). Can performance in Navon letters among people with autism be affected by saliency? Reexamination of the literature. Review journal of autism and developmental disorders, 6, 1–12
Baisa, A., Mevorach, C., & Shalev, L. (2021). Hierarchical processing in ASD is driven by exaggerated salience effects, not local bias. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(2), 666–676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04578-1
Bar, M. (2004). Visual objects in context. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(8), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1476
Baumann, N., & Kuhl, J. (2005). Positive affect and flexibility: overcoming the precedence of global over local processing of visual information. Motivation and Emotion, 29(2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-005-7957-1
Becchio, C., Mari, M., & Castiello, U. (2010). Perception of shadows in children with autism spectrum disorders. PLoS ONE, 5(5), e10582. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010582
Beekman, L. M. (2019). Clearly misunderstood: The ambiguous language test for students with and without language disorders. [Case Western Reserve University]. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/etd/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=case1563362510636297
Behrmann, M., Thomas, C., & Humphreys, K. (2006). Seeing it differently: Visual processing in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(6), 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.001
Bertone, A., Mottron, L., Jelenic, P., & Faubert, J. (2005). Enhanced and diminished visuo-spatial information processing in autism depends on stimulus complexity. Brain, 128(10), 2430–2441. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh561
Bouvet, L., Rousset, S., Valdois, S., & Donnadieu, S. (2011). Global precedence effect in audition and vision: Evidence for similar cognitive styles across modalities. Acta Psychologica, 138(2), 329–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.08.004
Boyd, L. E., Ringland, K. E., Faucett, H., Hiniker, A., Klein, K., Patel, K., & Hayes, G. R. (2017). Evaluating an iPad Game to Address Overselectivity in Preliterate AAC Users with Minimal Verbal Behavior. In Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (pp. 240–249). https://doi.org/10.1145/3132525.3132551
Boyd, L., Berardi, V., Hughes, D., Cibrian, F., Johnson, J., Sean, V., DelPizzo-Cheng, E., Mackin, B., Tusneem, A., Mody, R., Jones, S., & Lotich, K. (2022). Manipulating image luminance to improve eye gaze and verbal behavior in autistic children. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 9(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01131-6
Brooks, B. D., Morrow, J. E., & Gray, W. F. (1968). Reduction of autistic gaze aversion by reinforcement of visual attention responses. The Journal of Special Education, 2(3), 307–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246696800200308
Bullen, J. C., Zajic, M. C., McIntyre, N., Solari, E., & Mundy, P. (2022). Patterns of math and reading achievement in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 92, 101933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101933
Bullier, J. (2001). Integrated model of visual processing. Brain Research Reviews, 36(2–3), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0173(01)00085-6
Campana, F., Rebollo, I., Urai, A., Wyart, V., & Tallon-Baudry, C. (2016). Conscious vision proceeds from global to local content in goal-directed tasks and spontaneous vision. The Journal of Neuroscience, 36(19), 5200–5213. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3619-15.2016
Cantiani, C., Choudhury, N. A., Yu, Y. H., Shafer, V. L., Schwartz, R. G., & Benasich, A. A. (2016). From sensory perception to lexical-semantic processing: An ERP study in non-verbal children with autism. PLoS ONE, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161637
Chawarska, K., & Shic, F. (2009). Looking but not seeing: atypical visual scanning and recognition of faces in 2 and 4-Year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(12), 1663–1672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0803-7
Chen, H., Liu, K., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Xue, X., Lin, Y., Zou, D., Chen, M., Kong, Y., Wen, G., Yan, J., & Deng, Y. (2019). More optimal but less regulated dorsal and ventral visual networks in patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 110, 172–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.005
Cibrian, F. L., Johnson, J., Sean, V., Pass, H., & Boyd, L. (2020). Combining Eye Tracking and Verbal Response to Understand the Impact of a Global Filter. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3382897
Cohen, E., & Kalanthroff, E. (2019). Visuospatial processing bias in ADHD: A potential artifact in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Rorschach Inkblots Test. Psychological assessment, 31(5), 699
Conway, C. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2005). Modality-constrained statistical learning of tactile, visual, and auditory sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.31.1.24
Courchesne, E., & Pierce, K. (2005). Why the frontal cortex in autism might be talking only to itself: Local over-connectivity but long-distance disconnection. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15(2), 225–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.001
Dada, S., Flores, C., Bastable, K., & Schlosser, R. W. (2020). The effects of augmentative and alternative communication interventions on the receptive language skills of children with developmental disabilities: A scoping review. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 23(3), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549507.2020.1797165
Davidoff, J., Fonteneau, E., & Fagot, J. (2008). Local and global processing: Observations from a remote culture. Cognition, 108(3), 702–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2008.06.004
de Jong, M. C., van ENGELAND, H., & Kemner, C. (2008). Attentional Effects of Gaze Shifts Are Influenced by Emotion and Spatial Frequency, but Not in Autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(4), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31816429a6
de Fockert, J. W., & Cooper, A. (2014). Higher levels of depression are associated with reduced global bias in visual processing. Cognition and Emotion, 28(3), 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.839939
Deruelle, C., Rondan, C., Gepner, B., & Tardif, C. (2004). Spatial frequency and face processing in children with autism and asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(2), 199–210. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JADD.0000022610.09668.4c
Ellemberg, D., Lewis, T. L., Hong Liu, C., & Maurer, D. (1999). Development of spatial and temporal vision during childhood. Vision Research, 39(14), 2325–2333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00280-6
Fink, G. R., Halligan, P. W., Marshall, J. C., Frith, C. D., Frackowiak, R. S., & Dolan, R. J. (1997). Neural mechanisms involved in the processing of global and local aspects of hierarchically organized visual stimuli. Brain, 120(10), 1779–1791. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/120.10.1779
Foxton, J. M., Talcott, J. B., Witton, C., Brace, H., McIntyre, F., & Griffiths, T. D. (2003). Reading skills are related to global, but not local, acoustic pattern perception. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 343–344.
Franceschini, S., Bertoni, S., Gianesini, T., Gori, S., & Facoetti, A. (2017). A different vision of dyslexia: Local precedence on global perception. Scientific Reports, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17626-1
Ganz, J. B., Hong, E. R., Goodwyn, F., Kite, E., & Gilliland, W. (2015). Impact of PECS tablet computer app on receptive identification of pictures given a verbal stimulus. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 18(2), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.3109/17518423.2013.821539
Gargaro, B. A., May, T., Tonge, B. J., Sheppard, D. M., Bradshaw, J. L., & Rinehart, N. J. (2018). Attentional mechanisms in autism, ADHD, and autism-ADHD using a local-global paradigm. Journal of Attention Disorders, 22(14), 1320–1332. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715603197
Gernsbacher, M. A., & Pripas-Kapit, S. R. (2012). Who's missing the point? A commentary on claims that autistic persons have a specific deficit in figurative language comprehension. Metaphor and Symbol, 27(1), 93–105
Glenberg, A. M., & Kaschak, M. P. (2002). Grounding language in action. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9(3), 558–565. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196313
Goldstein-Marcusohn, Y., Goldfarb, L., & Shany, M. (2020). Global and Local Visual Processing in Rate/Accuracy Subtypes of Dyslexia. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00828
Graham, L. (2008). Gestalt theory in interactive media design. Journal of Humanitites and Social Science, 2(1)
Grinter, E. J., Maybery, M. T., & Badcock, D. R. (2010). Vision in developmental disorders: Is there a dorsal stream deficit? Brain Research Bulletin, 82(3), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.02.016
Gross, T. F. (2005). Global-local precedence in the perception of facial age and emotional expression by children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(6), 773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-0023-8
Guy, J., Mottron, L., Berthiaume, C., & Bertone, A. (2016). A developmental perspective of global and local visual perception in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2834-1
Han, S., & Humphreys, G. W. (1999). Interactions between perceptual organization based on Gestalt laws and those based on hierarchical processing. Perception & Psychophysics, 61(7), 1287–1298. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206180
Hayward, D. A., Fenerci, C., & Ristic, J. (2018). An investigation of global-local processing bias in a large sample of typical individuals varying in autism traits. Consciousness and Cognition, 65, 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2018.09.002
Helenius, P., Laasonen, M., Hokkanen, L., Paetau, R., & Niemivirta, M. (2011). Impaired engagement of the ventral attentional pathway in ADHD. Neuropsychologia, 49(7), 1889–1896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.014
Hill, T. L., Varela, R. E., Kamps, J. L., & Niditch, L. A. (2014). Local processing and social skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The role of anxiety and cognitive functioning. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(9), 1243–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2014.06.005
Hiniker, A., Daniels, J. W., & Williamson, H. (2013). Go go games: Therapeutic video games for children with autism spectrum disorders. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (pp. 463–466). https://doi.org/10.1145/2485760.2485808
Huang, X., Shen, C., Boix, X., & Zhao, Q. (2015). SALICON: reducing the semantic gap in saliency prediction by adapting deep neural networks. IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2015, 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2015.38
Hübner, R. (1997). The effect of spatial frequency on global precedence and hemispheric differences. Perception & Psychophysics, 59(2), 187–201.
Hughes, H. C., Fendrich, R., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. (1990). Global versus local processing in the absence of low spatial frequencies. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2(3), 272–282. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1990.2.3.272
Hughes, H. C., Nozawa, G., & Kitterle, F. (1996). Global precedence, spatial frequency channels, and the statistics of natural images. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8(3), 197–230. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1996.8.3.197
Imbir, K. K. (2019). Does reading words differing in arousal load influence local vs. Global scope of perception? Roczniki Psychologiczne, 22(3), 277–297. https://doi.org/10.18290/rpsych.2019.22.3-5
Ito, J., Yamane, Y., Suzuki, M., Maldonado, P., Fujita, I., Tamura, H., & GrĂĽn, S. (2017). Switch from ambient to focal processing mode explains the dynamics of free viewing eye movements. Scientific Reports, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01076-w
Jiang, M., Huang, S., Duan, J., & Zhao, Q. (2015). SALICON: Saliency in context. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2015, 1072–1080. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298710
John, G. (1995). Arne & Theo Engell-Nielsen. Present and future state. University of Copenhagen.
Jolliffe, T., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1999). A test of central coherence theory: linguistic processing in high-functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome: is local coherence impaired?. Cognition, 71(2), 149–185
Jolliffe, T., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2000). Linguistic processing in high-functioning adults with autism or Asperger's syndrome. Is global coherence impaired?. Psychological medicine, 30(5), 1169–1187
Kaliukhovich, D. A., Manyakov, N. V., Bangerter, A., Ness, S., Skalkin, A., Boice, M., Goodwin, M. S., Dawson, G., Hendren, R., Leventhal, B., Shic, F., & Pandina, G. (2021). Visual preference for biological motion in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: an eye-tracking study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(7), 2369–2380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04707-w
Kamio, Y., Robins, D., Kelley, E., Swainson, B., & Fein, D. (2007). Atypical lexical/semantic processing in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders without early language delay. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(6), 1116–1122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0254-3
Katagiri, M., Kasai, T., Kamio, Y., & Murohashi, H. (2013). Individuals with Asperger’s disorder exhibit difficulty in switching attention from a local level to a global level. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(2), 395–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1578-9
Kihara, K., & Takeda, Y. (2019). The role of low-spatial frequency components in the processing of deceptive faces: A study using artificial face models. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1468. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01468
Koh, H. C., Milne, E., & Dobkins, K. (2010). Spatial contrast sensitivity in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(8), 978–987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0953-7
Koldewyn, K., Jiang, Y., Weigelt, S., & Kanwisher, N. (2013). Global/local processing in autism: not a disability, but a disinclination. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(10), 2329–2340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1777-z
König, S. D., & Buffalo, E. A. (2014). A nonparametric method for detecting fixations and saccades using cluster analysis: Removing the need for arbitrary thresholds. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 227, 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.01.032
Lamb, M. R., & Robertson, L. C. (1990). The effect of visual angle on global and local reaction times depends on the set of visual angles presented. Perception & Psychophysics, 47(5), 489–496. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03208182
Lamb, M. R., & Yund, E. W. (1996). Spatial frequency and attention: Effects of level-, target-, and location-repetition on the processing of global and local forms. Perception & Psychophysics, 58(3), 363–373. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206812
Lee, I.-J., Chen, C.-H., & Lin, L.-Y. (2016). Applied Cliplets-based half-dynamic videos as intervention learning materials to attract the attention of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder to improve their perceptions and judgments of the facial expressions and emotions of others. Springerplus, 5(1), 1211. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2884-z
Liechty, J., Pieters, R., & Wedel, M. (2003). Global and local covert visual attention: Evidence from a Bayesian hidden Markov model. Psychometrika, 68(4), 519–541. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02295608
Light, J., Wilkinson, K. M., Thiessen, A., Beukelman, D. R., & Fager, S. K. (2019). Designing effective AAC displays for individuals with developmental or acquired disabilities: State of the science and future research directions. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 35(1), 42–55.
Lovaas, O. I., Koegel, R. L., & Schreibman, L. (1979). Stimulus overselectivity in autism: A review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 1236–1254. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.6.1236
Lovaas, O. I., Schreibman, L., Koegel, R., & Rehm, R. (1971). Selective responding by autistic children to multiple sensory input. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 77, 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031015
Lu, Y., & Guo, H. (1999). Background removal in image indexing and retrieval. In Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (pp. 933–938). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIAP.1999.797715
McIntosh, R. D., & Schenk, T. (2009). Two visual streams for perception and action: Current trends. Neuropsychologia, 47(6), 1391–1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.02.009
McKone, E., Aimola Davies, A., Fernando, D., Aalders, R., Leung, H., Wickramariyaratne, T., & Platow, M. J. (2010). Asia has the global advantage: Race and visual attention. Vision Research, 50(16), 1540–1549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2010.05.010
Mody, R. (2022). Implications for Global and Local Visual Processing in Individuals with Learning Disabilities. Psychology Student Papers and Posters. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/psychology_student_work/1
Mottron, L., Dawson, M., Soulières, I., Hubert, B., & Burack, J. (2006). Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: An update, and eight principles of autistic perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-0040-7
Navon, D. (1969). Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception. Perception and Psychophysics, 5, 197–200.
Navon, D. (1977). Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception. Cognitive Psychology, 9(3), 353–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(77)90012-3
Navon, D. (1981). The forest revisited: More on global precedence. Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 43(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00309635
Nayar, K., Voyles, A. C., Kiorpes, L., & Di Martino, A. (2017). Global and local visual processing in autism: An objective assessment approach. Autism Research, 10(8), 1392–1404
Norman, J. (2002). Two visual systems and two theories of perception: An attempt to reconcile the constructivist and ecological approaches. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25(1), 73–96. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0200002X
O’Bryan, R. A., Brenner, C. A., Hetrick, W. P., & O’Donnell, B. F. (2014). Disturbances of visual motion perception in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 16(4), 354–365. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12173
O’Neill, T., Wilkinson, K. M., & Light, J. (2019). Preliminary investigation of visual attention to complex AAC visual scene displays in individuals with and without developmental disabilities. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 35(3), 240–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/07434618.2019.1635643
Oliva, A., & Torralba, A. (2002). Scene-Centered Description from Spatial Envelope Properties. In H. H. Bülthoff, C. Wallraven, S.-W. Lee, & T. A. Poggio (Eds.), Biologically Motivated Computer Vision (pp. 263–272). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36181-2_26
Oliva, A., & Schyns, P. G. (1997). Coarse blobs or fine edges? Evidence that information diagnosticity changes the perception of complex visual stimuli. Cognitive Psychology, 34(1), 72–107. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1997.0667
Pitcher, D., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2021). Evidence for a third visual pathway specialized for social perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 25(2), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.11.006
Ploog, B. O. (2010). Stimulus overselectivity four decades later: A review of the literature and its implications for current research in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(11), 1332–1349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0990-2
Previc, F. H. (1990). Functional specialization in the lower and upper visual fields in humans: Its ecological origins and neurophysiological implications. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13(3), 519–542. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00080018
Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372–422. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372
Rinehart, N. J., Bradshaw, J. L., Moss, S. A., Brereton, A. V., & Tonge, B. J. (2000a). Atypical interference of local detail on global processing in high-functioning Autism and Asperger’s disorder. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 41(6), 769–778.
Rinehart, N. J., Bradshaw, J. L., Moss, S. A., Brereton, A. V., & Tonge, B. J. (2000b). Atypical interference of local detail on global processing in high-functioning Autism and Asperger’s disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(6), 769–778. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00664
Robertson, C. E., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2017). Sensory perception in autism. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 18(11), 671–684. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2017.112
Romski, M., Sevcik, R. A., Barton-Hulsey, A., & Whitmore, A. S. (2015). Early intervention and AAC: What a difference 30 years makes. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 31(3), 181–202. https://doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2015.1064163
Rose, V., Paynter, J., Vivanti, G., Keen, D., & Trembath, D. (2020). Predictors of expressive language change for children with autism spectrum disorder receiving AAC-infused comprehensive intervention. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(1), 278–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04251-2
Salvucci, D. D., & Goldberg, J. H. (2000). Identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols. In Proceedings of the 2000 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (pp. 71–78). https://doi.org/10.1145/355017.355028
Scailquin, J.-C. (2000). The fate of global precedence with age. Experimental Aging Research, 26(4), 285–314.
Schneps, M. H., Brockmole, J. R., Sonnert, G., & Pomplun, M. (2012). History of reading struggles linked to enhanced learning in low spatial frequency scenes. PLoS One, 7(4), e35724
Sean, V., Cibrian, F. L., Johnson, J., Pass, H., & Boyd, L. (2019). Poster: Toward digital image processing and eye tracking to promote visual attention for people with autism. Ubicomp. Ubicomp, London.
Sennott, S., & Bowker, A. (2009). Autism, AAC, and Proloquo2Go. Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 18, 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1044/aac18.4.137
Shulman, G. L., Sullivan, M. A., Gish, K., & Sakoda, W. J. (1986). The role of spatial-frequency channels in the perception of local and global structure. Perception, 15(3), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1068/p150259
Shulman, G. L., & Wilson, J. (1987). Spatial Frequency and Selective Attention to Local and Global Information. Perception, 16(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1068/p160089
Silvestre, D., Guy, J., Hanck, J., Cornish, K., & Bertone, A. (2020). Different luminance- and texture-defined contrast sensitivity profiles for school-aged children. Scientific Reports, 10(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69802-5
Song, Y., & Hakoda, Y. (2015). Lack of global precedence and global-to-local interference without local processing deficit: A robust finding in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder under different visual angles of the Navon task. Neuropsychology, 29(6), 888–894. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000213
Srikantharajah, J., & Ellard, C. (2022). How central and peripheral vision influence focal and ambient processing during scene viewing. Journal of Vision, 22(12), 4. https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.22.12.4
Staudinger, M. R., Fink, G. R., Mackay, C. E., & Lux, S. (2011). Gestalt perception and the decline of global precedence in older subjects. Cortex, 47(7), 854–862.
Stevenson, R. (n.d.). The impact of multisensory integration deficits on speech perception in children with autism spectrum disorders. Frontiers in Psychology. Retrieved March 23, 2020, from https://www.academia.edu/11058070/The_impact_of_multisensory_integration_deficits_on_speech_perception_in_children_with_autism_spectrum_disorders
Townsend, J., Harris, N. S., & Courchesne, E. (1996). Visual attention abnormalities in autism: Delayed orienting to location. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2(6), 541–550. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617700001715
Tyler, S. K., & Tucker, D. M. (1982). Anxiety and perceptual structure: Individual differences in neuropsychological function. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91, 210–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.91.3.210
Van Dam, W., Rueschemeyer, S.-A., Lindemann, O., & Bekkering, H. (2010). Context Effects in Embodied Lexical-Semantic Processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 1. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00150
Vision, N. R. C. (US) C. on. (1985). TWO MODES OF VISUAL PROCESSING. National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK219039/
Von Károlyi, C., Winner, E., Gray, W., & Sherman, G. F. (2003). Dyslexia linked to talent: Global visual-spatial ability. Brain and language, 85(3), 427–431
Wang, L., Mottron, L., Peng, D., Berthiaume, C., & Dawson, M. (2007). Local bias and local-to-global interference without global deficit: A robust finding in autism under various conditions of attention, exposure time, and visual angle. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 24(5), 550–574. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546800701417096
Wang, S., Jiang, M., Duchesne, X. M., Laugeson, E. A., Kennedy, D. P., Adolphs, R., & Zhao, Q. (2015). Atypical visual saliency in autism spectrum disorder quantified through model-based eye tracking. Neuron, 88(3), 604–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.042
Wilkinson, K. M., & Jagaroo, V. (2004). Contributions of principles of visual cognitive science to AAC system display design. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 20(3), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/07434610410001699717
Wilkinson, K. M., & Madel, M. (2019). Eye tracking measures reveal how changes in the design of displays for augmentative and alternative communication influence visual search in individuals with Down syndrome or autism spectrum disorder. American journal of speech-language pathology, 28(4), 1649–1658
Wilkinson K. M. & Light J. (2011). Preliminary investigation of visual attention to human figures in photographs: Potential considerations for the design of aided AAC visual scene displays. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 54(6), 1644–1657. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2011/10-0098)
Wilkinson, K. M., & Light, J. (2014). Preliminary study of gaze toward humans in photographs by individuals with autism, Down syndrome, or other intellectual disabilities: Implications for design of visual scene displays. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 30(2), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2014.904434
Wong, W.-W., Rangaprakash, D., Diaz-Fong, J. P., Rotstein, N. M., Hellemann, G. S., & Feusner, J. D. (2022). Neural and behavioral effects of modification of visual attention in body dysmorphic disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 12(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02099-2
Xu, J., Jiang, M., Wang, S., Kankanhalli, M. S., & Zhao, Q. (2014). Predicting human gaze beyond pixels. Journal of Vision, 14(1), 28–28. https://doi.org/10.1167/14.1.28
Yovel, I., Revelle, W., & Mineka, S. (2005). Who sees trees before forest? The obsessive-compulsive style of visual attention. Psychological Science, 16(2), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00792.x
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Boyd, L. (2024). The Hierarchy of Visual Attention in Natural Scenes. In: The Sensory Accommodation Framework for Technology. Synthesis Lectures on Technology and Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48843-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48843-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-48842-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-48843-6
eBook Packages: Synthesis Collection of Technology (R0)