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Theranostic Applications of Quantum Dots

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Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Ever since its discovery by Ekimov and Efros in the year 1980s, the interest on quantum dots (QDs) as a category of nanomaterials has increased significantly. While the earlier research was principally directed on cadmium selenide (CdSe)-based nanocrystals, the field has now lengthened to encompass diverse classes of nanoparticles (NPs) with various types of core, shell, as well as passivation chemistry. QDs-based probes have achieved promising advances in cellular and in vivo molecular imaging. Numerous studies have proved that QDs-based technology exhibits tremendous potential in disease diagnosis and therapy. Several classic examples with sound outcomes have been provided in different areas, viz., cell labeling, biosensing, in vivo imaging, fluorescence, immune assay, and toxicity. In addition, possible challenges have been confronted in the use of QDs in nanoformulations with respect to diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This chapter aims at presenting the utility of QDs as a class of nanomaterials and their varied theranostic applications in modern medicine.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic Force Microscopy

AFP:

Alpha-Fetoprotein

AMD:

Age-related Macular Degeneration

Aβ:

β-Amyloid

BACE-1:

Beta-site APP Cleaving Enzyme-1

BBB:

Blood-Brain Barrier

BTN:

Biotin

CA125:

Carbohydrate Antigen 125

CD:

Carbon Dot

CdS:

Cadmium Sulfide

CdSe:

Cadmium Selenide

CdTe:

Cadmium Telluride

CT:

Cholera Toxin

CWs:

Cell Walls

DLS:

Dynamic Light Scattering

DMEM:

Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium

DSPE:

2-Distearoyl-Sn-glycero-3-Phospho-Ethanolamine

EGFR:

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

ELISA:

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

EPR:

Enhanced Permeability and Retention

ER:

Estrogen Receptors

FA-QDs:

Folic Acid-attached Carbon Dots

FBI:

Fluorescence-based Biological Imaging

FISH:

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

FITC:

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate

FLT:

Fluorescence lifetime

FM:

Fluorescence Microscopy

FR:

Folic Acid Receptor

FRET:

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

GFP:

Green Fluorescent Protein

GQDs:

Graphene Quantum Dots

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

HAS:

Human Serum Albumin

HER2:

Human Epidermal Growth Factor receptor 2

IFA:

Immunofluorescent Antibodies

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

IHC:

Immune-Histochemistry

InAs:

Indium Arsenide

InP:

Indium Phosphide

LEAP:

Local-Electrode Atom-Probe Tomography

MBE:

Molecular Beam Epitaxy

MDL:

Multidentate Ligand

MPA:

3-Mercaptopropionic acid

MPA:

Mercaptopropionic Acid

mTOR:

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin

NA:

Nucleic Acids

NIR:

Near-Infrared

NPs:

Nanoparticles

PAA:

Poly(Acrylic Acid)

PAMAM:

Poly(amidoamine)

PbS:

Lead Sulfide

pDNA:

Plasmid DNA

PDT:

Photodynamic Therapy

PEI:

Polyethyleneimine

PL:

Photoluminescence

PR:

Progesterone Receptor

PSMA:

Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen

QD:

Quantum Dot

QD-APt-DOX:

Quantum Dot-Aptamer-Doxorubicin

QRs:

Quantum Rings

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

SALPC:

Sulfonated Aluminim Phthalocyanine

SEB:

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

siRNA:

Small Interfering RNA

SLT-1:

Shiga-like Toxin-1

SNP:

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

STM:

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

TEM:

Transmission Electron Microscopy

TET:

Triplet Energy Transfer

TFPZ:

Trifluoperazine

TiO2:

Titanium Dioxide

TOPO:

Trioctyl-Phosphine Oxide

TPSA:

Total Prostate-Specific Antigen

UV-VIS:

Ultraviolet-Visible

XRD:

X-Ray Diffractometry

XSTEM:

Cross-Sectional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

ZnS:

Zinc Sulfide

ZnSe:

Zinc Selenide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Maharashtra, India

    Dheeraj S. Randive & Mangesh A. Bhutkar

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Maharashtra, India

    Somnath D. Bhinge

  3. Department of Pharmacognosy, Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Maharashtra, India

    Ganesh H. Wadkar

  4. Department of Pharmaceutics, Annasaheb Dange College of B. Pharmacy, Ashta, Maharashtra, India

    Suraj N. Pattekari

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  1. Dheeraj S. Randive
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Correspondence to Dheeraj S. Randive .

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India

    Chandrakantsing V. Pardeshi

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Randive, D.S., Bhutkar, M.A., Bhinge, S.D., Wadkar, G.H., Pattekari, S.N. (2023). Theranostic Applications of Quantum Dots. In: Pardeshi, C.V. (eds) Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30529-0_7

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