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In Vivo and In Vitro Experimental Evidence

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Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Part of the book series: Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry ((TECD))

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Abstract

This chapter deals with experimental evidence of known risk factors in creating an environment conducive for the development of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). We present here the role of areca nut alkaloids, arecoline, and/or arecaidine in producing inflammation, increased collagen synthesis, collagen cross-linking, decreased collagen degradation, and autophagy. We also examine the role of other constituents of areca nut such as tannins, catechins, and guvacine, which lead to decreased collagen degradation; role of heavy metals (copper and ferrous ions) in generating oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contributes to inflammation and derangement in collagen metabolism and the combined effect of arecoline and safrole in decreasing collagen degradation and phagocytosis of collagen by fibroblasts. Taken together, this chapter presents experimental evidence on how areca nut alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and micronutrients including copper contribute to the development of OSF. In addition, animal models of OSF developed to date are outlined to confirm that areca nut is the etiological agent of OSF.

However, as not all areca nut chewers develop OSF. Experimental evidence demonstrating genetic makeup or polymorphisms that contributes to susceptibility to develop OSF is presented, focusing on genes responsible for collagen metabolism. All Experimental evidence that is still needed to complete the etiological picture of OSF in the authors’ perspective is discussed at the end of the chapter.

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  1. Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

    Primali Jayasooriya & Upul Dissanayake

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  1. Faculty of Dentistry Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK

    Saman Warnakulasuriya

  2. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, The TN Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kannan Ranganathan

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Jayasooriya, P., Dissanayake, U. (2023). In Vivo and In Vitro Experimental Evidence. In: Warnakulasuriya, S., Ranganathan, K. (eds) Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Textbooks in Contemporary Dentistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12855-4_11

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