Abstract
The integrity of the brain circuitries can be quantified through application of single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the cortex and concurrent recording of the neurophysiological response through electromyography at the periphery, and more recently centrally through electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this chapter, we first introduce the neurophysiological techniques and the corresponding outcome measures that have been employed to capture the neural response to a single TMS pulse. We then describe the physical and physiological factors that can affect the TMS outcome measures and should be carefully controlled for. We then introduce single pulse TMS protocols motor threshold, contralateral silent period, ipsilateral silent period, and the input/output curve. We describe the neurobiological mechanisms and brain circuitries that each protocol examines, and provide a step-by-step guideline for conducting each protocol. Finally, we provide an overview of the application of single pulse TMS protocols in basic and cognitive neuroscience, and clinical investigations.
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Farzan, F. (2014). Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Protocols and Outcome Measures. In: Rotenberg, A., Horvath, J., Pascual-Leone, A. (eds) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Neuromethods, vol 89. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0879-0_5
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