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Wafer-scale synthesis of monolayer WS2 for high-performance flexible photodetectors by enhanced chemical vapor deposition

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Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have recently attracted considerable attention due to their promising applications in next-generation electronics and optoelectronics. In particular, the large-scale synthesis of high-quality 2D materials is an essential requirement for their practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate the wafer-scale synthesis of highly crystalline and homogeneous monolayer WS2 by an enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach, in which precise control of the precursor vapor pressure can be effectively achieved in a multi-temperature zone horizontal furnace. In contrast to conventional synthesis methods, the obtained monolayer WS2 has excellent uniformity both in terms of crystallinity and morphology across the entire substrate wafer grown (e.g., 2 inches in diameter), as corroborated by the detailed characterization. When incorporated in typical rigid photodetectors, the monolayer WS2 leads to a respectable photodetection performance, with a responsivity of 0.52 mA/W, a detectivity of 4.9 × 109 Jones, and a fast response speed (< 560 μs). Moreover, once fabricated as flexible photodetectors on polyimide, the monolayer WS2 leads to a responsivity of up to 5 mA/W. Importantly, the photocurrent maintains 89% of its initial value even after 3,000 bending cycles. These results highlight the versatility of the present technique, which allows its applications in larger substrates, as well as the excellent mechanical flexibility and robustness of the CVD-grown, homogenous WS2 monolayers, which can promote the development of advanced flexible optoelectronic devices.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the General Research Fund of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong SAR, China (CityU 11275916), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51672229, 61605024 and 61522403), the Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (No. JCYJ20160229165240684) and a grant from the Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China

    Changyong Lan, Ziyao Zhou, Lei Shu, Dapan Li, Ruoting Dong, SenPo Yip & Johnny C. Ho

  2. School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China

    Changyong Lan, Zhifei Zhou & Chun Li

  3. Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China

    Ziyao Zhou, Lei Shu, Lifan Shen, Dapan Li, SenPo Yip & Johnny C. Ho

  4. State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China

    Lifan Shen, SenPo Yip & Johnny C. Ho

  5. Centre for Functional Photonics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China

    Johnny C. Ho

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  1. Changyong Lan
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Wafer-scale synthesis of monolayer WS2 for high-performance flexible photodetectors by enhanced chemical vapor deposition

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Lan, C., Zhou, Z., Zhou, Z. et al. Wafer-scale synthesis of monolayer WS2 for high-performance flexible photodetectors by enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Nano Res. 11, 3371–3384 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-017-1941-4

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