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Animal Models: An Overview

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Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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Abstract

Animal studies are indispensable for studying the organization, structure, and function of specific organs and their integrative functions including those of the cerebellum. Animal studies are classified into several categories. First, they are used to clarify the mechanisms that induce specific anatomical, physiological, or behavioral phenotypes (phenotype-oriented). Second, they can be designed to analyze the roles of specific endogenous molecules/genes/proteins in cellular, organ, and behavioral functions (molecule-oriented). Third, they are used to examine the effects of exogenous chemicals (xenobiotics), such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial and environmental chemicals. Lastly, animal models that mimic human diseases can be used to better understand the pathophysiology of these diseases. Recent developments in molecular biology have enabled to generate a large number of gene-modified animals for such purposes. Such animal models have contributed greatly to increase knowledge of gene–phenotype and gene–disease interactions. However, it is clear that multiple genes are often involved in morphological, physiological, and behavioral phenotypes; as such, many neurological disorders are caused by polygenic abnormalities. Thus, studying naturally occurring mutant animals, and injury- or drug-induced animal models, remains very important. Owing to the large numbers that have been reported, it is beyond the scope of this chapter to discuss all the existing animal models for cerebellar research. Thus, this chapter primarily discusses representative naturally occurring mutant animal models that are used to study cerebellar functions and diseases. Before providing detailed descriptions of each animal model, general concepts, and classifications of animal models used for cerebellar research are introduced.

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  1. Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

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  1. Noriyuki Koibuchi
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Correspondence to Noriyuki Koibuchi .

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  1. Bruxelles, Belgium

    Mario Manto

  2. Scripps Research Institute Dept. Neuropharmacology, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Donna Gruol

  3. Dept. Neurology, Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy Schmahmann

  4. Gunma University Dept. Integrative Physiology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

  5. Dept Pathology & Immunology & Neuro, Baylor College of Medicine Dept Pathology & Immunology & Neuro, Houston, TX, USA

    Roy Sillitoe

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  1. Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

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Koibuchi, N. (2020). Animal Models: An Overview. In: Manto, M., Gruol, D., Schmahmann, J., Koibuchi, N., Sillitoe, R. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_62-2

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