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Selenium and Endocrine Tissues

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Selenium

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Abstract

Selenium (Se) status and individual selenoproteins are important regulators of hormonal homeostasis during development and adulthood. Because endocrine cells and organs are highly perfused and continuously involved in hormone secretion and feedback sensor function, adequate control of their redox state is required to sustain the hormone secretory machinery. Several selenoproteins contribute to this essential function, which might explain the high relative Se content in endocrine tissues. Specifically, hypothalamus-pituitary-feedback regulation is responsive to Se, and the thyroid, islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, adrenal cortex, and gonads are strongly affected by Se status. Deiodinase selenoproteins contribute to the hypothalamic control of satiety, food intake, and energy expenditure, as well as to the development and proper function of several endocrine tissues. Inadequate Se status is linked to autoimmune diseases of the thyroid, impaired insulin secretion and resistance, delayed chondrocyte differentiation, defective bone formation, and reduced gonadal function. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of several selenoprotein genes affect nutritional Se status and several hormonal axes. An inactivating mutation of thioredoxin reductase 2 causes familial glucocorticoid deficiency. Thus, adequate Se supply is crucial for the appropriate function of the endocrine system and hormone action.

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Acknowledgement

Supported by grants of the DFG (KO 922/17-2) and Charité.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany

    Josef Köhrle

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  1. Josef Köhrle
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Correspondence to Josef Köhrle .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Dolph L. Hatfield

  2. Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Ulrich Schweizer

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA

    Petra A. Tsuji

  4. Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Vadim N. Gladyshev

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Köhrle, J. (2016). Selenium and Endocrine Tissues. In: Hatfield, D., Schweizer, U., Tsuji, P., Gladyshev, V. (eds) Selenium. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41283-2_33

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