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Algal Photoprotective Phytochemicals: Sources and Potential Applications

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Photoprotective Green Pharmacology: Challenges, Sources and Future Applications

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Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV; 280–400 nm) radiation, mainly UV-A (315–400 nm) and UV-B (280–315 nm) coming from sunlight are very harmful as they form reactive oxygen species leading to cell damage, thus affecting the growth of photosynthetic organisms. There is a need to investigate alternate sources of UV-shielding materials from nature because synthetic sunscreens have a number of negative consequences on both individuals and the environment. Algae are a natural source of a large number of bioactive phytochemicals such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), pigments, terpenoids, polysaccharides (carrageenan, fucoidan, agar and alginates), phenolic compounds, tocopherol, unsaturated fatty acids, bio-pesticides and algaecides. They are also good biocatalysts and can be used for the enhancement of green energy sources such as biodiesel and the sustainable production of food. Algae can absorb harmful solar radiation due to the presence of photoprotective phytochemicals such as MAAs, sulphated polysaccharides, carotenoids, halogenated compounds, glucosyl, glycerols and polyphenols. Besides UV filters, these metabolites reveal extensive biological activities such as matrix-metalloproteinase inhibitors, antioxidants, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, such novel bioactive compounds from algae have auspicious applications in therapeutics and also show a beneficiary effect on the skin, mainly overcoming rashes, pigmentation, ageing, and cancer. Therefore, they can be extensively used in skincare, cosmetics, biomedical, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. In this chapter, various bioactive substances derived from algae and their promised applications in various fields have been discussed. Using combinations of algal extracts enhanced with photoprotective phytochemicals, a variety of organic UV-screening products could be designed.

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Acknowledgements

N. Kumari (09/013(0819)/2018-EMR-I) is grateful to the CSIR, New Delhi, India, for the financial assistance in the form of a senior research fellowship. The University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, provided junior research fellowship and senior research fellowship to S. Mishra (Joint CSIR-UGC JRF-2019/NTA Ref. No.: 191620046790) and J. Jaiswal (926/CSIR-UGC-JRF DEC, 2018), respectively. A. Gupta (09/013(0912)/2019-EMR-I) and V. K. Singh (09/0013(12862)/2021-EMR-I) are appreciative of the financial assistance in the form of a senior research fellowship and junior research fellowship respectively provided by the CSIR, New Delhi, India. Incentive grant received from IoE (Scheme No. 6301), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, to Rajeshwar P. Sinha is highly acknowledged.

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  1. Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Neha Kumari, Sonal Mishra, Jyoti Jaiswal, Amit Gupta, Varsha K. Singh & Rajeshwar P. Sinha

  2. University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, India

    Rajeshwar P. Sinha

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  1. Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vinod K. Kannaujiya

  2. Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rajeshwar P. Sinha

  3. Department of Biotechnology, S. S. Khanna Girls’ Degree College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Md. Akhlaqur Rahman

  4. Center of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shanthy Sundaram

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Kumari, N., Mishra, S., Jaiswal, J., Gupta, A., Singh, V.K., Sinha, R.P. (2023). Algal Photoprotective Phytochemicals: Sources and Potential Applications. In: Kannaujiya, V.K., Sinha, R.P., Rahman, M.A., Sundaram, S. (eds) Photoprotective Green Pharmacology: Challenges, Sources and Future Applications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0749-6_2

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