Abstract
The seaweeds are the advantageous organism present in water bodies. Marine algae belong to thallophyta in plant kingdom and are classified into three groups, namely Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Chlorophyceae. The seaweeds contain expansive bioactive compounds which make them therapeutically important. Marine algae are also employed in production of functional foods, pharmaceutical products, cosmetics industries, nutraceuticals and fertilizers which makes them economically valuable. The secondary metabolites like fucoidan, phlorotannin, meroterpenoids, laminarin, fucoxanthin, bisindole, carrageenan, ulvan, lectins and fucosterol present in seaweeds are found to be effective against various diseases like diabetes, depression, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, inflammation and obesity. Various pivotal pharmacological activities of the seaweed are discussed in this chapter.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdelhamid A, Jouini M, Amor HB, Mzoughi Z, Dridi M, Said RB, Bouraoui A (2018) Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive potential of phlorotannin-rich fractions from three Mediterranean brown seaweeds. Marine Biotechnol 20(1):60–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-017-9787-z
Abreu TM, Monteiro VS, Martins AB, Teles FB, da Conceição Rivanor RL, Mota ÉF, Macedo DS, de Vasconcelos SM, Júnior JE, Benevides NM (2018) Involvement of the dopaminergic system in the antidepressant-like effect of the lectin isolated from the red marine alga Solieria filiformis in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 111:534–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.132
Abu-Khudir R, Ismail GA, Diab T (2020) Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities of Sargassum linearifolium and Cystoseira crinita from Egyptian Mediterranean coast. Nutr Cancer 13:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2020.1764069
Aguilar-Briseño JA, Cruz-Suarez LE, Sassi JF, Ricque-Marie D, Zapata-Benavides P, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Trejo-Avila LM (2015) Sulphated polysaccharides from Ulva clathrata and Cladosiphon okamuranus seaweeds both inhibit viral attachment/entry and cell-cell fusion. NDV Infect Mar Drugs 13(2):697–712. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13020697
Akbari V, Zafari S, Yegdaneh A (2018) Anti-tuberculosis and cytotoxic evaluation of the seaweed Sargassum boveanum. Res pharmaceut Sxi 13(1):30. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-5362.220965
Alves C, Pinteus S, Horta A, Pedrosa R (2016) High cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity of algae extracts on an in vitro model of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Springerplus 5(1):1–3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2938-2
Aroyehun QB, Abdul Razak S, Palaniveloo K, Nagappan T, Suraiza Nabila Rahmah N, Wee Jin G, Chellappan DK, Chellian J, Kunnath AP (2020) Bioprospecting cultivated tropical Green algae, Caulerpa racemosa: a perspective on nutritional properties. Antioxid Capacity Anti-Diab Potent Foods 9(9):1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091313
Arumugam P, Arunkumar K, Sivakumar L, Murugan M, Murugan K (2019) Anticancer effect of fucoidan on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, genetic damage and apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cancer cells. Toxicol Rep 6:556–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.005
Awang AN, Ng JL, Matanjun P, Sulaiman MR, Tan TS, Ooi YB (2014) Anti-obesity property of the brown seaweed, Sargassum polycystum using an in vivo animal model. J Appl Phycol 26(2):1043–1048. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-013-0149-6
Balasubramaniam V, Aznyda N, Hussin M, Faradianna L, Aswir AR, Fairulnizal MM (2020) Effect of red edible seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum on diet-induced obesity in vivo. J Appl Phycol 12:1–1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02061-z
Bedoux G, Caamal-Fuentes E, Boulho R, Marty C, Bourgougnon N, Freile-Pelegrín Y, Robledo D (2017) Antiviral and cytotoxic activities of polysaccharides extracted from four tropical seaweed species. Nat Prod Commun 12(6):1934578X1701200602. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1701200602
Bhatia S, Sardana S, Senwar KR, Dhillon A, Sharma A, Naved T (2019) In vitro antioxidant and antinociceptive properties of Porphyra vietnamensis. Biomedicine 9:1. https://doi.org/10.1051/bmdcn/2019090103
Bhatia S, Sharma K, Sharma A, Nagpal K, Bera T (2015) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiulcer properties of Porphyra vietnamensis. Avicenna J Phytomed 5(1):69
Bogie J, Hoeks C, Schepers M, Tiane A, Cuypers A, Leijten F, Chintapakorn Y, Suttiyut T, Pornpakakul S, Struik D, Kerksiek A (2019) Dietary Sargassum fusiforme improves memory and reduces amyloid plaque load in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. Sci Rep 9(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41399-4
Capillo G, Savoca S, Costa R, Sanfilippo M, Rizzo C, Lo Giudice A, Albergamo A, Rando R, Bartolomeo G, Spanò N, Faggio C (2018) New insights into the culture method and antibacterial potential of Gracilaria gracilis. Mar Drugs 16(12):492. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16120492
Chakraborty K, Antony T (2020) Salicornolides AC from Gracilaria salicornia attenuate pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygense: prospective natural anti-inflammatory leads. Phytochemistry 172:112259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112259
Chin YX, Lim PE, Maggs CA, Phang SM, Sharifuddin Y, Green BD (2015) Anti-diabetic potential of selected Malaysian seaweeds. J Appl Phycol 27(5):2137–2148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0462-8
Cirne-Santos CC, Barros CD, Gomes MW, Gomes R, Cavalcanti DN, Obando JM, Ramos CJ, Villaça RC, Teixeira VL, Paixão IC (2019a) In vitro antiviral activity against Zika virus from a natural product of the Brazilian brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis. Nat Prod Commun 14(7):1934578X19859128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X19859128
Cirne-Santos CC, Barros CD, Nogueira CC, Azevedo RC, Yamamoto KA, Meira GL, Vasconcelos ZF, Ratcliffe NA, Teixeira VL, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Ferreira DF (2019b) Inhibition by marine algae of chikungunya virus isolated from patients in a recent disease outbreak in Rio de Janeiro. Front Microbiol 10:2426. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02426
Cirne-Santos CC, de Souza BC, Nogueira CC, Amorim LD, de Mendonça CR, Ratcliffe NA, Teixeira VL, Ferreira DF, de Palmer Paixao IC (2018) Antiviral effect of the seaweed Osmundaria obtusiloba against the Zika virus. J Med Plant Res 12(25):387–395. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2018.6624
Cirne-Santos CC, de Souza BC, de Oliveira MC, Rabelo VW, Azevedo RC, Teixeira VL, Ferreira DF, de Palmer Paixão IC (2020) In vitro studies on the inhibition of replication of Zika and chikungunya viruses by Dolastane isolated from seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicornis. Sci Rep 10(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65357-7
Coura CO, de Araújo IW, Vanderlei ES, Rodrigues JA, Quinderé AL, Fontes BP, de Queiroz IN, de Menezes DB, Bezerra MM, e Silva AA, Chaves HV (2012) Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of sulphated polysaccharides from the red seaweed Gracilaria cornea. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 110(4):335–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00811.x
Cui M, Wu J, Wang S, Shu H, Zhang M, Liu K, Liu K (2019) Characterization and anti-inflammatory effects of sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gelidium pacificum Okamura. Int J Biol Macromol 129:377–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.043
Cuong HD, Thuy TT, Huong TT, Ly BM, Van TT (2015) Structure and hypolipidaemic activity of fucoidan extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum henslowianum. Nat Prod Res 29(5):411–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.948436
Da Costa E, Melo T, Moreira AS, Bernardo C, Helguero L, Ferreira I, Cruz MT, Rego AM, Domingues P, Calado R, Abreu MH (2017) Valorization of lipids from Gracilaria sp. through lipidomics and decoding of antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activity. Mar Drugs 15:62. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15030062
Daub CD, Mabate B, Malgas S, Pletschke BI (2020) Fucoidan from Ecklonia maxima is a powerful inhibitor of the diabetes-related enzyme, α-glucosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 151:412–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.161
De La Fuente G, Fontana M, Asnaghi V, Chiantore M, Mirata S, Salis A, Damonte G, Scarfì S (2021) The remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the extracts of the Brown alga Cystoseira amentacea var. stricta. Mar Drugs 19(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19010002
De Souza ÉT, Pereira de Lira D, Cavalcanti de Queiroz A, Costa da Silva DJ, Bezerra de Aquino A, Campessato Mella EA, Prates Lorenzo V, De Miranda GE, Araújo-Júnior D, Xavier J, De Oliveira Chaves MC (2009) The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of caulerpin, a bisindole alkaloid isolated from seaweeds of the genus Caulerpa. Mar Drugs 7(4):689–704. https://doi.org/10.3390/md7040689
Deveau AM, Miller-Hope Z, Lloyd E, Williams BS, Bolduc C, Meader JM, Weiss F, Burkholder KM (2016) Antimicrobial activity of extracts from macroalgae Ulva lactuca against clinically important staphylococci is impacted by lunar phase of macroalgae harvest. Lett Appl Microbiol 62(5):363–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12563
Dhanraj V, Karuppaiah J, Balakrishnan R, Elangovan N (2018) Myricetin attenuates neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in parkinsonism. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 10:481–494. https://doi.org/10.2741/e835
Fernando IS, Sanjeewa KA, Samarakoon KW, Lee WW, Kim HS, Ranasinghe P, Gunasekara UK, Jeon YJ (2018) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functionality of ten Sri Lankan seaweed extracts obtained by carbohydrase assisted extraction. Food Sci Biotechnol 27(6):1761–1769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-018-0406-1
Ganesan AR, Kowsalya S, Balamuralikrishnan B, Liu WC, Mariadhas VA, Naif Abdullah AD, Veeramuthu D (2020b) Evaluation of in vivo sub-chronic and heavy metal toxicity of under-exploited seaweeds for food application. J King Saud Univ–Sci 32:1088–1095
Ganesan AR, Subramanium K, Munisamy SS, Palaniappan S, Sungkwon P, Ahmed H, Rajakrishnan R, Balamuralikrishnan B (2020a) A comparison of nutritional value of underexploited edible seaweeds with recommended dietary allowances. Journal of King Saud University. Science 32:1206–1211
Gao Y, Liu W, Wang W, Zhao X, Wang F (2018) Polyguluronate sulfate (PGS) attenuates immunological liver injury in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 114:592–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.098
Garrido V, Barros C, Melchiades VA, Fonseca RR, Pinheiro S, Ocampo P, Teixeira VL, Cavalcanti DN, Giongo V, Ratcliffe NA, Teixeira G (2017) Subchronic toxicity and anti-HSV-1 activity in experimental animal of dolabelladienetriol from the seaweed, Dictyota pfaffii. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 86:193–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.03.007
Gomes DL, Telles CB, Costa MS, Almeida-Lima J, Costa LS, Keesen TS, Rocha HA (2015) Methanolic extracts from brown seaweeds Dictyota cilliolata and Dictyota menstrualis induce apoptosis in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells. Molecules 20(4):6573–6591. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20046573
Hakim MM, Patel IC (2020) A review on phytoconstituents of marine brown algae. Future J Pharmaceut Sci 6(1):1–1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-020-00147-6
Haq SH, Al-Ruwaished G, Al-Mutlaq MA, Naji SA, Al-Mogren M, Al-Rashed S, Ain QT, Al-Amro AA, Al-Mussallam A (2019) Antioxidant, anticancer activity and phytochemical analysis of green algae, Chaetomorpha collected from the Arabian gulf. Sci Rep 9(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55309-1
Hira K, Farhat H, Sohail N, Ansari M, Ara J, Ehteshamul-Haque S (2021) Hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced liver dysfunction and GC-MS profiling of a brown algae Sargassum ilicifolium. Clin Phytosci 7(1):1–1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-021-00274-4
Huang L, Wen K, Gao X, Liu Y (2010) Hypolipidemic effect of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica in hyperlipidemic rats. Pharm Biol 48(4):422–426. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200903150435
Ismail GA, Gheda SF, Abo-shady AM, Abdel-karim OH (2019) In vitro potential activity of some seaweeds as antioxidants and inhibitors of diabetic enzymes. Food Sci Technol 40:681–691. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.15619
Jia RB, Wu J, Li ZR, Ou ZR, Zhu Q, Sun B, Lin L, Zhao M (2020) Comparison of physicochemical properties and antidiabetic effects of polysaccharides extracted from three seaweed species. Int J Biol Macromol 149:81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.111
Jin W, Yang L, Yi Z, Fang H, Chen W, Hong Z, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Li L (2020) Anti-inflammatory effects of Fucoxanthinol in LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells through the NAAA-PEA pathway. Mar Drugs 18(4):222. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18040222
Kammoun I, Ben Salah H, Ben Saad H, Cherif B, Droguet M, Magné C, Kallel C, Boudawara O, Hakim A, Gharsallah N, Ben Amara I (2018) Hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects of Ulva lactuca ethanolic extract in hypercholesterolemic mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 124(4):313–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2017.1401641
Kandale A, Meena AK, Rao MM, Panda P, Mangal AK, Reddy G, Babu R (2011) Marine algae: an introduction, food value and medicinal uses. J Pharm Res 4(1):219–221
Kang MC, Ding Y, Kim EA, Choi YK, De Araujo T, Heo SJ, Lee SH (2017) Indole derivatives isolated from brown alga Sargassum thunbergii inhibit adipogenesis through AMPK activation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Mar Drugs 15(4):119. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15040119
Kang SY, Kim E, Kang I, Lee M, Lee Y (2018) Anti-diabetic effects and anti-inflammatory effects of Laminaria japonica and Hizikia fusiforme in skeletal muscle: in vitro and in vivo model. Nutrients 10(4):491. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040491
Kavitha N, Karunya TP, Kanchana S, Mohan K, Sivaramakrishnan R, Uthra S, Kapilan K, Yuvaraj D, Arumugam M (2019) Formulation of alginate based hydrogel from brown seaweed, Turbinaria conoides for biomedical applications. Heliyon 5(12):e02916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02916
Kılınç B, Cirik S, Turan G, Tekogul H, Koru E (2013) Seaweeds for food and industrial applications. In: Food industry. IntechOpen, London. https://doi.org/10.5772/53172
Kim EA, Kim SY, Ye BR, Kim J, Ko SC, Lee WW, Kim KN, Choi IW, Jung WK, Heo SJ (2018b) Anti-inflammatory effect of Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone via inhibition of MAPKs and NF-kB signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish model. Int Immunopharmacol 59:339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.034
Kim HJ, Dasagrandhi C, Kim SH, Kim BG, Eom SH, Kim YM (2018a) In vitro antibacterial activity of phlorotannins from edible brown algae, Eisenia bicyclis against streptomycin-resistant listeria monocytogenes. Indian J Microbiol 58(1):105–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-017-0693-x
Kim MJ, Kim HK (2012) Insulinotrophic and hypolipidemic effects of Ecklonia cava in streptozotocin–induced diabetic mice. Asian Pac J Trop Med 5(5):374–379. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/439294
Kim SM, Kang K, Jeon JS, Jho EH, Kim CY, Nho CW, Um BH (2011) Isolation of phlorotannins from Eisenia bicyclis and their hepatoprotective effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hyperoxide. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 165(5):1296–1307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-011-9347-3
Klongklaew N, Praiboon J, Tamtin M, Srisapoome P (2020) Antibacterial and antiviral activities of local Thai green macroalgae crude extracts in pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Mar Drugs 18(3):140. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18030140
Koh HS, Lu J, Zhou W (2020) Structural dependence of sulfated polysaccharide for diabetes management: Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida inhibiting α-glucosidase more strongly than α-amylase and Amyloglucosidase. Front Pharmacol 11:831. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00831
Koishi AC, Zanello PR, Bianco ÉM, Bordignon J, dos Santos CN (2012) Screening of dengue virus antiviral activity of marine seaweeds by an in situ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PLoS One 7(12):e51089. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051089
Kolanjinathan K, Ganesh P, Saranraj P (2014) Pharmacological importance of seaweeds: a review. World J Fish Mar Sci 6(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjfms.2014.06.01.76195
Kulshreshtha G, Burlot AS, Marty C, Critchley A, Hafting J, Bedoux G, Bourgougnon N, Prithiviraj B (2015) Enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactive material from Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile and its effect on herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). Mar Drugs 13(1):558–580. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13010558
Kumari M, Taritla S, Sharma A, Jayabaskaran C (2018) Antiproliferative and antioxidative bioactive compounds in extracts of marine-derived endophytic fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus. Front Microbiol 9:1777. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01777
Kwon TH, Wu YX, Kim JS, Woo JH, Park KT, Kwon OJ, Kim JT, Park NJ (2014) 6,6′ -Bieckol inhibits adipocyte differentiation through downregulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. J Sci Food Agric 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6881
Lee HG, Lu YA, Li X, Hyun JM, Kim HS, Lee JJ, Kim TH, Kim HM, Kang MC, Jeon YJ (2020) Anti-obesity effects of Grateloupia elliptica, a red seaweed, in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity via suppression of adipogenic factors in white adipose tissue and increased thermogenic factors in brown adipose tissue. Nutrients 12(2):308. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020308
Li M, Sun X, Li Q, Li Y, Luo C, Huang H, Chen J, Gong C, Li Y, Zheng Y, Zhang S (2020b) Fucoidan exerts antidepressant-like effects in mice via regulating the stability of surface AMPARs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 521(2):318–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.043
Li N, Fu X, Xiao M, Wei X, Yang M, Liu Z, Mou H (2020a) Enzymatic preparation of a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide rich in uronic acid from the seaweed Laminaria japonica and evaluation of its hypolipidemic effect in mice. Food Funct 11(3):2395–2405. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9FO02994J
Lin J, Huang L, Yu J, Xiang S, Wang J, Zhang J, Yan X, Cui W, He S, Wang Q (2016) Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid, reverses scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice and inhibits acetylcholinesterase in vitro. Mar Drugs 14(4):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/md14040067
Liu J, Banskota AH, Critchley AT, Hafting J, Prithiviraj B (2015) Neuroprotective effects of the cultivated Chondrus crispus in a C. elegans model of Parkinson’s disease. Mar Drugs 13(4):2250–2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13042250
Liu S, Wang Q, Song Y, He Y, Ren D, Cong H, Wu L (2018) Studies on the hepatoprotective effect of fucoidans from brown algae Kjellmaniella crassifolia. Carbohydr Polym 193:298–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.077
Liu Y, Jin W, Deng Z, Wang J, Zhang Q (2020) Preparation and neuroprotective activity of Glucuronomannan oligosaccharides in an MPTP-induced Parkinson’s model. Mar Drugs 18(9):438. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18090438
Lopes G, Daletos G, Proksch P, Andrade PB, Valentão P (2014) Anti-inflammatory potential of monogalactosyl diacylglycerols and a monoacylglycerol from the edible brown seaweed Fucus spiralis Linnaeus. Mar Drugs 12(3):1406–1418. https://doi.org/10.3390/md12031406
Lopes N, Ray S, Espada SF, Bomfim WA, Ray B, Faccin-Galhardi LC, Linhares RE, Nozawa C (2017) Green seaweed Enteromorpha compressa (Chlorophyta, Ulvaceae) derived sulphated polysaccharides inhibit herpes simplex virus. Int J Biol Macromol 102:605–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.043
Lopes-Costa E, Abreu M, Gargiulo D, Rocha E, Ramos AA (2017) Anticancer effects of seaweed compounds fucoxanthin and phloroglucinol, alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil in colon cells. J Toxic Environ Health 80(13–15):776–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2017.1357297
Lu J, Shi KK, Chen S, Wang J, Hassouna A, White LN, Merien F, Xie M, Kong Q, Li J, Ying T (2018) Fucoidan extracted from the New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida—physicochemical comparison against five other fucoidans: unique low molecular weight fraction bioactivity in breast cancer cell lines. Mar Drugs 16(12):461. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16120461
Lu YA, Lee HG, Li X, Hyun JM, Kim HS, Kim TH, Kim HM, Lee JJ, Kang MC, Jeon YJ (2020) Anti-obesity effects of red seaweed, Plocamium telfairiae, in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 11(3):2299–2308. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113325
Makhmoor T, Naheed S, Shujaat S, Jalil S, Hayat S, Choudhary MI, Khan KM, Alam JM, Nazir S (2013) Hepatoprotection by chemical constituents of the marine brown alga Spatoglossum variabile: a relation to free radical scavenging potential. Pharm Biol 51(3):383–390. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2012.732582
Manoharan N, Sampathkumar P, Dheeba B, Sheikabdulla S, Vinothprasanna G, Vinothkannan R, Kalavathy S, Vijayaanand A, Shanmugasundaram A (2008) Potential hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Gracilaria corticata in AFB 1 induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats. Aust J Biol Sci 8(8):1352–1355
Martens N, Schepers M, Zhan N, Leijten F, Voortman G, Tiane A, Rombaut B, Poisquet J, Sande NV, Kerksiek A, Kuipers F (2021) 24 (S)-Saringosterol prevents cognitive decline in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease. Mar Drugs 19(4):190. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19040190
Martins RM, Nedel F, Guimaraes V, Da Silva AF, Colepicolo P, De Pereira CM, Lund RG (2018) Macroalgae extracts from Antarctica have antimicrobial and anticancer potential. Front Microbiol 9:412. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00412
Marudhupandi T, Kumar TT, Lakshmanasenthil S, Suja G, Vinothkumar T (2015) In vitro anticancer activity of fucoidan from Turbinaria conoides against A549 cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 72:919–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.005
Matanjun P, Mohamed S, Muhammad K, Mustapha NM (2010) Comparison of cardiovascular protective effects of tropical seaweeds, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Caulerpa lentillifera, and Sargassum polycystum, on high-cholesterol/high-fat diet in rats. J Med Food 13(4):792–800. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.1212
Meenakshi S, Umayaparvathi S, Saravanan R, Manivasagam T, Balasubramanian T (2014) Hepatoprotective effect of fucoidan isolated from the seaweed Turbinaria decurrens in ethanol intoxicated rats. Int J Biol Macromol 67:367–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.042
Meenakshi S, Umayaparvathi S, Saravanan R, Manivasagam T, Balasubramanian T (2016) Neuroprotective effect of fucoidan from Turbinaria decurrens in MPTP intoxicated Parkinsonic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 86:425–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.025
Mendes Marques ML, Presa FB, Viana RL, Costa MS, Amorim MO, Bellan DL, Alves MG, Costa LS, Trindade ES, Rocha HA (2019) Anti-thrombin, anti-adhesive, anti-migratory, and anti-proliferative activities of sulfated galactans from the tropical green seaweed, Udotea flabellum. Mar Drugs 17(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010005
Mesripour A, Rabian N, Yegdaneh A (2019) The effect of different partitions of seaweed Sargassum plagyophylum on depression behavior in mice model of despair. J Complement Integr Med 16:4. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2018-0207
Mhadhebi L, Mhadhebi A, Robert J, Bouraoui A (2014) Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of aqueous extracts of three mediterranean brown seaweeds of the genus cystoseira. Iranian J Pharmaceut Res: IJPR 13(1):207
Morán-Santibañez K, Cruz-Suárez LE, Ricque-Marie D, Robledo D, Freile-Pelegrín Y, Peña-Hernández MA, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Trejo-Avila LM (2016) Synergistic effects of sulfated polysaccharides from Mexican seaweeds against measles virus. Biomed Res Int 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8502123
Morán-Santibañez K, Peña-Hernández MA, Cruz-Suárez LE, Ricque-Marie D, Skouta R, Vasquez AH, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Trejo-Avila LM (2018) Virucidal and synergistic activity of polyphenol-rich extracts of seaweeds against measles virus. Viruses 10(9):465. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10090465
Motshakeri M, Ebrahimi M, Goh YM, Matanjun P, Mohamed S (2013) Sargassum polycystum reduces hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress via increasing insulin sensitivity in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. J Sci Food Agric 93(7):1772–1778. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5971
Nakayama H, Shimada Y, Zang L, Terasawa M, Nishiura K, Matsuda K, Toombs C, Langdon C, Nishimura N (2018) Novel anti-obesity properties of palmaria mollis in zebrafish and mouse models. Nutrients 10(10):1401. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245840
Narayani SS, Saravanan S, Ravindran J, Ramasamy MS, Chitra J (2019) In vitro anticancer activity of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum cinereum against Caco-2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 138:618–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.127
Nasirian F, Sarir H, Moradi-Kor N (2019) Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomol Concepts 10(1):37–43. https://doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2019-0004
Nguyen TH, Nguyen TL, Tran TV, Do AD, Kim SM (2019) Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 9(12):501. https://doi.org/10.4103/2221-1691.271723
Ni L, Wang L, Fu X, Duan D, Jeon YJ, Xu J, Gao X (2020) In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a fucose-rich fucoidan isolated from Saccharina japonica. Int J Biol Macromol 156:717–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.012
Oh JH, Choi JS, Nam TJ (2018) Fucosterol from an edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera prevents soluble amyloid beta-induced cognitive dysfunction in aging rats. Mar Drugs 16(10):368. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16100368
Okamoto T, Akita N, Terasawa M, Hayashi T, Suzuki K (2019) Rhamnan sulfate extracted from Monostroma nitidum attenuates blood coagulation and inflammation of vascular endothelial cells. J Nat Med 73(3):614–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-019-01289-5
Olasehinde TA, Olaniran AO, Okoh AI (2019) Aqueous–ethanol extracts of some south African seaweeds inhibit beta-amyloid aggregation, cholinesterases, and beta-secretase activities in vitro. J Food Biochem 43(7):e12870. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12870
Palanisamy S, Vinosha M, Marudhupandi T, Rajasekar P, Prabhu NM (2017a) Isolation of fucoidan from Sargassum polycystum brown algae: structural characterization, in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity. Int J Biol Macromol 102:405–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.182
Palanisamy S, Vinosha M, Marudhupandi T, Rajasekar P, Prabhu NM (2017b) In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Spatoglossum asperum. Carbohydr Polym 170:296–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.085
Patra JK, Baek KH (2016) Antibacterial activity and action mechanism of the essential oil from Enteromorpha linza L. against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Molecules 21(3):388. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21030388
Patra JK, Das G, Baek KH (2015a) Antibacterial mechanism of the action of Enteromorpha linza L. essential oil against Escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. Bot Stud 56(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-015-0093-7
Patra JK, Das G, Baek KH (2015b) Chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of an essential oil extracted from an edible seaweed, Laminaria japonica L. Molecules 20(7):12093–12113. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200712093
Plouguerné E, De Souza LM, Sassaki GL, Cavalcanti JF, Villela Romanos MT, Da Gama BA, Pereira RC, Barreto-Bergter E (2013) Antiviral sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs) from the Brazilian brown seaweed Sargassum vulgare. Mar Drugs 11(11):4628–4640. https://doi.org/10.3390/md11114628
Poulose N, Sajayan A, Ravindran A, Sreechithra TV, Vardhan V, Selvin J, Kiran GS (2020) Photoprotective effect of nanomelanin-seaweed concentrate in formulated cosmetic cream: with improved antioxidant and wound healing properties. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 205:111816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111816
Prabha V, Divya R, Sivakumar V (2019) Cardioprotective effect of Gracilaria corticata in experimental rats. Int Res J Pharmaceut Biosci 5:3
Premarathna AD, Wijesekera SK, Jayasooriya AP, Waduge RN, Wijesundara RR, Tuvikene R, Harishchandra DL, Ranahewa TH, Perera NA, Wijewardana V, Rajapakse RP (2021) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the wound healing properties and safety assessment of two seaweeds (Sargassum ilicifolium and Ulva lactuca). Biochem Biophys Rep 26:100986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100986
Priatni S, Ratnaningrum D, Kosasih W (2021) The screening of antidiabetic activity and the cultivation study of local marine microalgae. IOP Conf 1011(1):012066. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1011/1/012066
Pujol CA, Ray S, Ray B, Damonte EB (2012) Antiviral activity against dengue virus of diverse classes of algal sulfated polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 51(4):412–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.05.028
Quintal-Novelo C, Rangel-Méndez J, Ortiz-Tello Á, Graniel-Sabido M, Vaca RP, Moo-Puc R (2018) A Sargassum fluitans borgesen ethanol extract exhibits a hepatoprotective effect in vivo in acute and chronic liver damage models. Biomed Res Int 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6921845
Radhika D, Priya R (2015) Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of some selected seaweeds. European J Biomed 2(6):151–154
Ramos-Romero S, Torrella JR, Viscor G, Torres JL (2021) Edible microalgae and their bioactive compounds in the prevention and treatment of metabolic alterations. Nutrients 13(2):563. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020563
Ren D, Wang Q, Yang Y, Hu Y, Song Y, He Y, Liu S, Wu L (2019) Hypolipidemic effects of fucoidan fractions from Saccharina sculpera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). Int J Biol Macromol 140:188–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.002
Ribeiro NA, Abreu TM, Chaves HV, Bezerra MM, Monteiro HS, Jorge RJ, Benevides NM (2014) Sulfated polysaccharides isolated from the green seaweed Caulerpa racemosa plays antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in a way dependent on HO-1 pathway activation. Inflamm Res 63(7):569–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-014-0728-2
Rivanor RL, Do Val DR, Ribeiro NA, Silveira FD, de Assis EL, Franco ÁX, Vieira LV, de Queiroz IN, Chaves HV, Bezerra MM, Benevides NM (2018) A lectin fraction from green seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides inhibits inflammatory nociception in the temporomandibular joint of rats dependent from peripheral mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 115:331–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.065
Robertson RC, Guihéneuf F, Bahar B, Schmid M, Stengel DB, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP, Stanton C (2015) The anti-inflammatory effect of algae-derived lipid extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human THP-1 macrophages. Mar Drugs 13(8):5402–5424. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13085402
Rodrigues JA, de Vanderlei ES, Silva LM, de Araújo IW, de Queiroz IN, de Paula GA, Abreu TM, Ribeiro NA, Bezerra MM, Chaves HV, Lima V (2012) Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the green seaweed Caulerpa cupressoides. Pharmacol Rep 64(2):282–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70766-1
Sabarianandh JV, Subha V, Manimekalai K (2020) Antidiabetic activity of red marine algae in vitro: a review. Ann SBV 9(1):23
Sakthivel R, Muniasamy S, Archunan G, Devi KP (2016) Gracilaria edulis exhibit antiproliferative activity against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 without causing adverse toxic effect in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 7(2):1155–1165. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5fo01094b
Sanjeewa KK, Fernando IP, Kim EA, Ahn G, Jee Y, Jeon YJ (2017) Anti-inflammatory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from an enzymatic digest of brown seaweed Sargassum horneri in RAW 264.7 cells. Nutr Res Pract 11(1):3. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2017.11.1.3
Sanniyasi E, Venkatasubramanian G, Anbalagan MM, Raj PP, Gopal RK (2019) In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of the bioactive compound extracted and purified from two different marine macroalgae (seaweeds)(Dictyota bartayesiana JV Lamouroux and Turbinaria decurrens Bory). Sci Rep 9(1):1–2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47917-8
Saraswati GPE, Iskandriati D, Tan CP, Andarwulan N (2020) In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity, free radical (DPPH) scavenging, and ferric reducing ability (FRAP) of Sargassum cristaefolium lipid-soluble fraction and putative identification of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS/MS. Food Res Int 137:109702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109702
Sellimi S, Maalej H, Rekik DM, Benslima A, Ksouda G, Hamdi M, Sahnoun Z, Li S, Nasri M, Hajji M (2018) Antioxidant, antibacterial and in vivo wound healing properties of laminaran purified from Cystoseira barbata seaweed. Int J Biol Macromol 119:633–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.171
Shanmuganathan B, Sathya S, Balasubramaniam B, Balamurugan K, Devi KP (2019) Amyloid-β induced neuropathological actions are suppressed by Padina gymnospora (Phaeophyceae) and its active constituent α-bisabolol in Neuro2a cells and transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Alzheimer's model. Nitric Oxide 91:52–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2019.07.009
Siddiqui PJ, Khan A, Uddin N, Khaliq S, Rasheed M, Nawaz S, Hanif M, Dar A (2017) Antidepressant-like deliverables from the sea: evidence on the efficacy of three different brown seaweeds via involvement of monoaminergic system. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 81(7):1369–1378. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2017.1313697
Silva J, Alves C, Freitas R, Martins A, Pinteus S, Ribeiro J, Gaspar H, Alfonso A, Pedrosa R (2019) Antioxidant and neuroprotective potential of the brown seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata in an in vitro Parkinson’s disease model. Mar Drugs 17(2):85. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17020085
Silva J, Alves C, Pinteus S, Mendes S, Pedrosa R (2018) Neuroprotective effects of seaweeds against 6-hydroxidopamine-induced cell death on an in vitro human neuroblastoma model. BMC Complement Altern Med 18(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2103-2
Silva J, Alves C, Pinteus S, Mendes S, Pedrosa R (2020a) Seaweeds’ neuroprotective potential set in vitro on a human cellular stress model. Mol Cell Biochem 473(1):229–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-020-03824-5
Silva J, Martins A, Alves C, Pinteus S, Gaspar H, Alfonso A, Pedrosa R (2020b) Natural approaches for neurological disorders—the neuroprotective potential of Codium tomentosum. Molecules 25(22):5478. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225478
Sim SY, Shin YE, Kim HK (2019) Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida has anti-diabetic effects by stimulation of glucose uptake and reduction of basal lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res 65:54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2019.02.002
Smyrniotopoulos V, Merten C, Firsova D, Fearnhead H, Tasdemir D (2020) Oxygenated acyclic Diterpenes with anticancer activity from the Irish Brown seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata. Mar Drugs 18(11):581. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18110581
Soares AR, Robaina M, Mendes GS, Silva TS, Gestinari L, Pamplona OS, Yoneshigue-Valentin Y, Kaiser CR, Romanos MT (2012) Antiviral activity of extracts from Brazilian seaweeds against herpes simplex virus. Rev Bras 22(4):714–723. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000061
Suganthy N, Pandian SK, Devi KP (2010) Neuroprotective effect of seaweeds inhabiting south Indian coastal area (Hare Island, gulf of Mannar marine biosphere reserve): cholinesterase inhibitory effect of Hypnea valentiae and Ulva reticulata. Neurosci Lett 468(3):216–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.001
Sun Y, Liu Z, Song S, Zhu B, Zhao L, Jiang J, Liu N, Wang J, Chen X (2020) Anti-inflammatory activity and structural identification of a sulfated polysaccharide CLGP4 from Caulerpa lentillifera. Int J Biol Macromol 146:931–938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.216
Sun Z, Dai Z, Zhang W, Fan S, Liu H, Liu R, Zhao T (2018) Antiobesity, antidiabetic, antioxidative, and antihyperlipidemic activities of bioactive seaweed substances. In: Bioactive seaweeds for food applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 239–253. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17040202
Suresh M, Renugadevi B, Brammavidhya S, Iyapparaj P, Anantharaman P (2015) Antibacterial activity of red pigment produced by Halolactibacillus alkaliphilus MSRD1—an isolate from seaweed. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 176(1):185–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-015-1566-6
Syad AN, Devi KP (2015) Assessment of anti-amyloidogenic activity of marine red alga G. acerosa against Alzheimer’s beta-amyloid peptide 25–35. Neurol Res 37(1):14–22. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743132814Y.0000000422
Tanna B, Yadav S, Mishra A (2020) Anti-proliferative and ROS-inhibitory activities reveal the anticancer potential of Caulerpa species. Mol Biol Rep 47(10):7403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05795-8
Unnikrishnan PS, Jayasri MA (2017) Antidiabetic studies of Chaetomorpha antennina extract using experimental models. J Appl Phycol 29(2):1047–1056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0991-4
Unnikrishnan PS, Suthindhiran K, Jayasri MA (2015) Antidiabetic potential of marine algae by inhibiting key metabolic enzymes. Front Life Sci 8(2):148–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1005244
Vaikundamoorthy R, Krishnamoorthy V, Vilwanathan R, Rajendran R (2018) Structural characterization and anticancer activity (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) of polysaccharides fractionated from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. Int J Biol Macromol 111:1229–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.125
Vaseghi G, Zakeri N, Mazloumfard F, Yegdaneh A, Dana N (2019) Evaluation of the anti-tuberculosis and cytotoxic potential of the seaweed Padina australis. Iranian J Pharmaceut Sci 15(1):29–38. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-5362.220965
Violle N, Rozan P, Demais H, Nyvall Collen P, Bisson JF (2018) Evaluation of the antidepressant-and anxiolytic-like effects of a hydrophilic extract from the green seaweed Ulva sp. in rats. Nutr Neurosci 21(4):248–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2016.1276704
Wijesinghe WA, Kim EA, Kang MC, Lee WW, Lee HS, Vairappan CS, Jeon YJ (2014) Assessment of anti-inflammatory effect of 5β-hydroxypalisadin B isolated from red seaweed Laurencia snackeyi in zebrafish embryo in vivo model. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 37(1):110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.006
Yang TH, Chiu CY, Lu TJ, Liu SH, Chiang MT (2019) The anti-obesity effect of polysaccharide-rich red algae (Gelidium amansii) hot-water extracts in high-fat diet-induced obese hamsters. Mar Drugs 17(9):532. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17090532
Yap WF, Tay V, Tan SH, Yow YY, Chew J (2019) Decoding antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of Malaysian green seaweeds: Caulerpa racemosa and Caulerpa lentillifera. Antibiotics 8(3):152. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030152
Yim MJ, Lee JM, Choi G, Cho SY, Lee DS (2019) The antihyperlipidemic effect of alginate-free residue from sea tangle in hyperlipidemic rats. Fish Aquatic Sci 22(1):1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41240-019-0144-1
Yim SK, Kim K, Kim I, Chun S, Oh T, Kim JU, Kim J, Jung W, Moon H, Ku B, Jung K (2021) Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry by the crude polysaccharides of seaweeds and abalone viscera in vitro. Mar Drugs 19(4):219. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19040219
Yokota T, Nomura K, Nagashima M, Kamimura N (2016) Fucoidan alleviates high-fat diet-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in ApoEshl mice deficient in apolipoprotein E expression. J Nutr Biochem 32:46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.01.011
Yuan Y, Zheng Y, Zhou J, Geng Y, Zou P, Li Y, Zhang C (2019) Polyphenol-rich extracts from Brown macroalgae Lessonia trabeculate attenuate hyperglycemia and modulate gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Agric Food Chem 67(45):12472–12480. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05118
Yuvaraj N, Kanmani P, Satishkumar R, Paari A, Pattukumar V, Arul V (2013) Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Sargassum wightii and Halophila ovalis sulfated polysaccharides in experimental animal models. J Med Food 16(8):740–748. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2012.2719
Zaharudin N, Staerk D, Dragsted LO (2019) Inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by selected edible seaweeds and fucoxanthin. Food Chem 270:481–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.142
Zandi K, Ahmadzadeh S, Tajbakhsh S, Rastian Z, Yousefi F, Farshadpour F, Sartavi K (2010) Anticancer activity of Sargassum oligocystum water extract against human cancer cell lines. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 14:669–673
Zbakh H, Zubía E, Reyes CD, Calderón-Montaño JM, López-Lázaro M, Motilva V (2020a) Meroterpenoids from the brown alga Cystoseira usneoides as potential anti-inflammatory and lung anticancer agents. Mar Drugs 18(4):207. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18040207
Zbakh H, Zubía E, Reyes CD, Calderón-Montaño JM, Motilva V (2020b) Anticancer activities of meroterpenoids isolated from the brown alga Cystoseira usneoides against the human colon cancer cells HT-29. Foods 9(3):300. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9030300
Zhong QW, Zhou TS, Qiu WH, Wang YK, Xu QL, Ke SZ, Wang SJ, Jin WH, Chen JW, Zhang HW, Wei B (2021) Characterization and hypoglycemic effects of sulfated polysaccharides derived from brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida. Food Chem 341:128148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128148
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kathirvel, B. et al. (2022). Pharmacological Importance of Seaweeds. In: Balasubramanian, B., Liu, WC., Sattanathan, G. (eds) Aquaculture Science and Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0817-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0817-0_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-0816-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-0817-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)