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Impact of Conservation Agriculture and Residue Management on Soil Properties Under Sugarcane-Based Cropping Systems

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Conservation Agriculture: A Sustainable Approach for Soil Health and Food Security

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Abstract

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important agro-industrial crop of tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. It is one of the important cash crops in India, playing a pivotal role in the Indian economy as it contributes about 7.0% of the total annual agricultural revenue and also provides livelihood for 7.5 million sugarcane growers and their families. However, sugarcane productivity has been stagnant over the last two decades, ranging between 54 and 72 t/ha. In the present scenario, stagnation in cane productivity and deterioration in soil health are the major concern for its sustainability. The major reasons for its unsustainability are continuous mono-cropping, excessive use of fertilizers, intensive tillage, and depletion of soil biodiversity. Furthermore, open field burning of trash is also a common practice that results in the loss of organic carbon (SOC), plant nutrients, and soil biota, besides the environmental and health hazards due to the release of soot particles and smoke and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Alternatively, the retention of sugarcane trash in the field and placement of fertilizers in soil can improve the nutrient use efficiency, cane productivity, and soil quality in addition to reducing environmental pollution. Therefore, a multidimensional approach, i.e., Conservation Agriculture (CA), is essential to sustain sugarcane productivity with improvement in soil health and environment. The CA technologies involve minimum/zero tillage, crop residue retention on soil surface, and crop rotations, and it is useful to recuperate degraded soils and improve productivity. These technologies also provide opportunities to reduce the cost of production, save water and nutrients, increase yields and the efficient use of resources, and benefit the environment. In the last decades, many researches across the world have recommended the CA as a solution to overcome the adverse effects of conventional practices on soil physical, chemical, and biological health in sugarcane-based cropping systems. The present chapter deals with CA technologies that have potential to improve soil health and related processes, especially soil aggregation, soil moisture, soil infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, organic matter, nutrient availability, cation exchange capacity, and biochemical and enzymatic properties. The CA practices have the potential to improve soil health and cane productivity as well as reduce environmental pollution, and thus, it could be recommended for long-term sustainability of the sugarcane-based cropping systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rani Laksmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Yogeshwar Singh

  2. ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India

    R. L. Choudhary

  3. ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Pune, India

    Amresh Chaudhary, Nilesh More & N. P. Singh

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  3. Amresh Chaudhary
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  4. Nilesh More
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  5. N. P. Singh
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  1. Division of Soil Physics, ICAR-Indian Institute Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Somasundaram Jayaraman

  2. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Ram C. Dalal

  3. ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Ashok K. Patra

  4. DDG, Natural Resource Management, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, KAB-II, New Delhi, India

    Suresh K. Chaudhari

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Singh, Y., Choudhary, R.L., Chaudhary, A., More, N., Singh, N.P. (2021). Impact of Conservation Agriculture and Residue Management on Soil Properties Under Sugarcane-Based Cropping Systems. In: Jayaraman, S., Dalal, R.C., Patra, A.K., Chaudhari, S.K. (eds) Conservation Agriculture: A Sustainable Approach for Soil Health and Food Security . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0827-8_11

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