Abstract
Loquat is considered to be a delicious wonder summer fruit because of its varied advantages. Being rich in various nutrients, it has good medicinal value. In most cases, the whole plant including the peel, flower, seeds followed by leaves is used. The biochemical activity of the fruit possesses antioxidative, anti-nitrosaminic, anticancerous, antimutagenic, and anti-peroxidant effect. Not only proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are present in rich amounts but also higher concentration of various vitamins and minerals is also found. Utilization of loquat as a traditional medicinal plant in curing many ailments like gastrointestinal, respiratory, heart, as well as urinary diseases provides insightful loads toward its utilization in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akhtar A, Abbasi NA, Hussain A (2010) Effect of calcium chloride treatments on quality characteristics of loquat fruit during storage. Pak J Bot 42(1):181–188
Allah AAK, El-HK (2019) Studies on using Loquat fruits in dairy products. Ph.D thesis. Department of Food Science Technology, Faculty of Home Economic, Al-Azhar University
Amoros A, Zapata P, Pretel MT, Botella MA, Seerano M (2003) Physico- chemical and physiological changes during fruit development and ripening of five loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivars. Food Sci Tech Int 9(1):43–51
Anonymous (2006) Loquat fruit fact. Accessed from http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/loquat.html. Accessed on 25th Apr 2020
Badenes ML, Jainik J, Lin S, Zhang Z, Liang GL, Wang W (eds) (2013) Breeding loquat. Plant breeding reviews Blackwell Publishers 37:259–296
Baljinder S, Seena G, Dharmeadra K, Vikas G, Bansal P (2010) Pharmacological potential of Eriobotrya japonica- an overview. Int Research J Pharm 1:95–99
Caballero P, Fernandez MA (2003) Loquat, production and market. In: Llacer G, Badenes ML (eds) First international symposium on loquat. Zaragoza: CIHEAM, Options Méditerranéennes: Seerie A. Seminaires Mediterranens (58), pp 11–20
Canete ML, Pinillos V, Cuevas J, Hueso JJ (2007) Sensory evaluation of main loquat cultivars in Japan. Acta Hort 750:159–163
Celikyurt MA, Sayin B, Tepe S (2011) Loquat production in the west Mediterranean region of Turkey. Acta Hort 887:127–129
Chalak L, Noun A, Youssef H, Hamadeh B (2014) Diversity of Loquats (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivated in Lebanon as assessed by morphological traits. Sci Hort 167:135–144
Cho LH, Yoon J, An G (2017) The control of flowering time by environmental factors. Plant J 90:708–719
Crane JH, Caldeira ML (2006) Loquat growing in the Florida home landscape. EDIS web site https://www.edis.ifas.ufl.edu
Cuevas J, Hueso JJ, Puertas M (2003) Pollination requirements of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), cv. ‘Algerie. Fruits 58(3):157–165
de Lopes AMM, Sanches AG, de Souza OK, Silva EO (2018) Loquat/ Nespero- eriobotrya japonica Lindl. Exotic Fruits:285–292
Delfanian M, Kenari RE, Sahari MA (2015) Antioxidant activity of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit peel and pulp extracts in stabilization of soybean oil during storage conditions. Int J Food Prop 18(12):2813–2824
Ding CK, Chachin K, Hamauzu Y, Ueda Y, Imahori Y (1998) Effect of storage temperatures on physiology and quality of loquat fruit. Postharvest Bio Tech 14(3):309–315
Ding CK, Chachin K, Ueda Y, Imahori Y, Wang CY (2001) Metabolism of phenolic compounds during loquat fruit development. J Agri Food Chem 49:2883–2888
Elasbagh AS (2011) Production of Loquat in Egypt. Acta Horti 887:123–126
El-Hossary GA, Fathy MM, Kassem HA, Kandil ZA, Abdel Latif HA (2000) Phytochemical and biological investigations of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. growing in Egypt. Pharm Bull (Cairo University) 38:129–142
Ercisli S, Gozlekci S, Sengul M, Hegedus A, Tepe S (2012) Some physicochemical characteristics, bioactive content and antioxidant capacity of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) fruits from Turkey. Sci Hort 148:185–189
Ferreres F, Gomes D, Valentao P, Gonçalves R, Pio R, Chagas EA, Seabra RM, Andrade PB (2009) Improved loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivars: Variation of phenolics and antioxidative potential. Food Chem 114:1019–1027
Garen Y, Lamis C, Dani F, Jad R, Falah S, Georges A, Hala C (2016) Physical and biochemical characterization of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) varieties in southern lebanese areas. Int J Plant Animd Environ Sci 6(3):239–256
Guarrasi V, Farina V, Germana MA, San Biagio PL, Mazzaglia (2011) Fruit quality evaluation of four loquat cultivars grown in Sicily. Acta Hort 887:299–304
Hamada A, Yoshioka S, Takuma D, Yokota J, Cui T, Kusunose M, Miyamura M, Kyotani S, Nishioka Y (2004) The effect of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on oxidative stress in adriamycin-induced nephropathy in rats. Biol. Pharm Bull 27:1961–1964
Hasegawa PN, Ferreira de Faria A, Mercadante AZ, Chagas EA, Pio R, Lajolo FM, Purgatto E (2010) Chemical composition of five loquat cultivars planted in Brazil. Food Sci Tech 30:552–559
Hong Y, Qiao Y, Lin S, Jiang Y, Chen F (2008) Characterization of antioxidant compounds in eriobotrya fragrans champ leaf. Sci Hort 118:288–292
Huang Y, Li J, Cao Q, Yu SC, Lv XW, Jin Y, Zhang L, Zou YH, Ge JF (2006) Anti-oxidative effect of triterpene acids of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. leaf in chronic bronchitis rats. Life Sci 78:2749–2757
Ito H, Kobayashi E, Takamatsu Y, Li SH, Hatano T, Sakagami H, Kusama K, Satoh K, Sugita D, Shimura S (2000) Polyphenols from Eriobotrya japonica and their cytotoxicity against human oral tumor cell lines. Pharm Chem Bull 48(5):687–693
Janick J, Zhang Z, Ln SQ (2015) Journal article; Conference paper. Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Leuven Belgium
Jonathan H, Crane H, Lilia C M (2006) Loquat growing in the Florida home landscape
Joshi VK, Panesar PS, Rana VS, Kaur S (2017) Science and technology of fruit wines: an overview. Academic, pp 1–72. ISBN: 978-0-12-800850-8
Kalt W, Forney CF, Martin A, Prior RL (1999) Antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, phenolics and anthocyanins after fresh storage of fresh fruits. J Agri Food Chem 47:4638–4644
Kashiwada Y, Wang HK, Nagao T, Kitanaka S, Yasuda I, Fujioka T et al (1998) Anti-AIDS agents 30 Anti- HIV activity of oleanolic acid, pomolic acid, and structurally related triterpenoids. J Nat Prod 61:1090–1095
Kim M, You M, Rhyu D, Jeong K, Kim Y, Baek H et al (2011) Oral administration of loquat suppresses DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats. Food Sci Biotech 20:491–497
Komiya T, Achiwa Y, Katsuzaki H, Imai K, Sakurai S, Urakawa K, Ohnishi K, Adachi T, Yamada T, Hibasami H (1998) Effect of oleanolic and ursolic acids isolated from Loquat (Eriobotrya) on the growth of human lymphoid leukemia cells. Food Sci Tech Int 4(4):282–284
Kon M, Shimba R (1988) Cultivar difference of carotenoids in loquat fruits. Japan Soc Food Sci 35:423–429
Kumar SR, Pallavi G (2014) A critical review on Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Thunb/Lindl). Int J Pharma Bio Archives 5(2):1–7
Li GF, Zang ZK, Lin SQ (2011) Origin and evolution of Eriobotrya. In: Janick J, Polat (eds) 3rd IS proceedings on Loquat. Acta Hort
Lin S (2003) Plant material of loquat in Asian countries. Ciheam First International Symposium on Loquat 58:41–44
Lin SQ (2017) A review on research of the wild species in genus eriobotrya germplasm and their innovative utilization. Acta Hort Sin 44:1704–1716
Lin S, Sharpe RH, Jainik J (1999) Loquat botany and horticulture. Hort Rev 23:236–276
Lin S, Huang X, Cueva J, Janick J (2007) Loquat: an ancient fruit crop with a promising future. Chronica Hort 47(2):12–15
Liu Y, Zhang W, Xu C, Li X (2016) Biological activities of extracts from loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.): a review. Int J Mol Sci 17(12):1983
Mishra A, Sharma N (2019) Loquat- an unexplored phytochemical repository. International Conference on Contemporary Issues in Integrating Health and Nutrition Science with the Emerging areas of Food Technology, Agriculture, Environment and Allied Sciences. Conference Proceedings. ISBN: 978-93-85822-87-2
Morton J (1987) Loquat. In: Fruits of warm climate. Horticulture and landscape architecture. Purdue University, pp 103–108
Murakami C, Myoga K, Kasai R, Othani K, Kurowkasca T, Ishibashi S et al (1993) Screening of plant constituents for effect on glucose transport activity in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. Chem Pharm Bull 41(12):2129–2131
NIPHM (2015) AESA based IPM package for loquat. Department of agriculture and cooperation. Ministry of Agriculture Govt. of India
Nishioka Y, Yoshioka S, Kusunose M, Cui T, Hamada A, Ono M et al (2002) Effects of extracts derived from Eriobotrya japonica on liver function improvement in rat. Biol Pharm Bull 25:1053–1057
Oboh GOM, Agunloye SA, Adefegha AJ, Akinyemi AO, Ademiluyi (2015) Caffeic and chlorogenic acids inhibit key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes (in vitro): a comparative study. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharm 26:165–170
Ojima M, Campo Dall’Otrto FA, Barbosa W, Martins FP, Santos RR (1999) Cultura da nespereira, Boletimtecnico, 185. Instituto Agronomico, Campinas
Orwa C, A Mutua, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, S Anthony (2009) Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. Rosaceae Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp
Pareek S, Benkebila NJ, Anick J, Cao S, Yahia EM (2014) Postharvest physiology and technology of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit. J Food Sci Agri 94:1495–1504
Perry LM (1980) Medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia. MIT press, Cambridge, pp 342–343
Pio R, Dall’Orto FAC, Chagas EA, Barbosa W (2008) Evaluation of thinning intensity on loquat fruit quality. Bragnita, Campinas 69(1):215–220
Polat AA (2007) Loquat production in Turkey: problems and solutions. Eur J Plant Sci Biotechnol 1(2):187–199
Polat AA (2018) Loquat production in Turkey: Present state and future. Lambert Academic Publising. ISBN: 978-613-9-90127-2
Rui HJ, Wang KT, Shang HT, Tang SS, Jin P, Cao S (2009) Effects of heat treatment on flesh leatheriness and related enzyme activities of loquat fruit during cold storage. Trans China Soc Agri Eng 25:294–298
Rui H, Cao S, Shang H, Jin P, Wang K, Zheng Y (2010) Effects of heat treatment on internal browning and membrane fatty acid in loquat fruit in response to chilling stress. J Food Sci Agri 90:1557–1561
Sanches J, Cia P, Valentini SRT, Benato E, Chagas EA, Pio R (2011) Modified atmosphere and refrigeration for the post harvest conservation of “Fukuhara” loquat. Braganita 70(2):455–459
Shafi S, Tabassum N (2013) Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of ethanolic extract of eriobotrya japonica fruits in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Chem Bio Sci 3(2):398–405
Singh S, Gupta SK, Sabir G, Gupta MK, Seth PK (2009) A database for anti-diabetic plants with clinical/experimental trials. Bioinfo 4(6):263–268
Singh B, Gairola S, Kumar D, Gupta V, Bansal P (2010) Pharmocological potential of Eriobotrya japonica -an overview. Int Res J Pharm 1(1):95–99
Smock RM (1937) Morphology of the flower and fruit of the loquat. Hilgardia 10(15):615–627
Song LF, Gan YR, Zhang Y, Xiao Q, Kuang L, Li HB (2010) Phenolic content and antioxidant capacities of selected Chinese medicinal plants. Int J Med Plants 11(6):2362–2372
Sun G, Liu Y, Zhu J, Iguchi M, Yoshioka S, Miyamura M, Kyotani S (2010) Immunomodulatory effect of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on allergic dermatitis rats. J Nutri Sci 56:145–149
Surh YJ (2003) Cancer chemo preventive with dietary phytochemicals. Nature 3:768–780
Takahashi H, Sumitani H, Inada Y, Mori D, Nakano Y (2000) Potent aroma volatiles in fresh loquat and its canned product. J Jpn Soc Food Sci 47:302–310
Talhouk RS, El-Jouni W, Baalbaki R, Gall MH, Kogan J, Talhouk SN (2008) Anti-inflammatory bio- activities in water extracts of Centaure Ainetensis. J Med Plant Res 2(2):22–33
Tan H, Furuta S, Nagata T, Ohnuki K, Akasaka T, Shirouchi B, Sato M, Kondo R, Shimizu K (2014) Inhibitory effects of the leaves of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) on bone mineral density loss in ovariectomized mice and osteoclast differentiation. J Agri Food Chem 29 62(4):836–841
Tanaka K, Nishizono S, Makino N, Tamaru S, Terai O, Ikeda I (2008) Hypoglycemic activity of Eriobotrya japonica seeds in type 2 diabetic rats and mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:686–693
Tanaka K, Tamaru S, Nishizono S, Miyata Y, Tamaya K, Matsui T, Tanaka T, Echizen Y, Ikeda I (2010) Hypotriacylglycerolemic and antiobesity properties of a new fermented tea product obtained by tea-rolling processing of third-crop green tea (Camellia Sinensis) leaves and loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) leaves. Biosci Biotech Bioch 74(8):1606–1612
Taniguchi SI, Ayoshi YK, Bayashi ET, Kamatsu Y I O, HH Tano, TS Kagami, HT Kuda, HN Shino, HS Gita D (2002) Production of bioactive triterpenes by Eriobotrya japonica calli. Phytochemistry 59(3): 315–323
Taskin M, Erdal S, Tasar OC (2010) Utilization of waste loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindley) kernels as substrate for scleroglucan production by locally isolated sclerotium rolfsii. Food Sci Biotechnol 19(4):1069–1075
Temiz H, Tarakc IZ, Karadeniz T, Bak T (2012) The effect of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica) marmalade addition and storage time on physico- chemical and sensory properties of yogurt. J Agric Sci 18:329–338
Tian S, Qin G, Li B (2011) Chapter 17: Postharvest biology and technology of Tropical and Sub Tropical fruits. In: Yahia ME (ed) Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.), vol 3. Woodhead Publishing, pp 424–444
Wang KT, Cao SF, Di YQ, Liao YX, Zheng YH (2015) Effect of ethanol treatment on disease resistance against anthracnose rot in postharvest loquat fruit. Sci Hortic 188:115–121
Yang XH, Glape K, Lin S, Shuanqual L, Ile YH, Yuanshi JR, Liu YX, Hu GB, Liu CM (2005) Taxa of plants of genus Eriobotrya around the world and native of South- eastern. Asian J Fruit Sci 22(1):55–60
Yoshioka S, Hamada A, Jobu K, Yokota J, Onogawa M, Kyotani S, Miyamura M, Saibara T, Onishi S, Nishioka Y (2010) Effects of Eriobotrya japonica seed extract on oxidative stress in rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Pharm 62:241–246
Young HS, Chung HY, Lee CK, Park CK, Yokozawa T, Oura H (1994) Ursolic acid inhibits aflatoxin B1- induced mutagenicity in Salmonella assay system. Biol Pharm Bull 17:990–992
Zar PPK, Morishita A, Hashimoto F, Sakao S, Fuji M, Wada K, Hou DX (2014) Anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanism of loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica) tea. J Funct Foods 6:523–533
Zheng SQ (2007) Achievement and prospect of loquat breeding in China. Acta Hort 750:85–91
Zheng YH, Su XG, Li SY, Xi YF (2000) Quality, active oxygen and polyamines metabolic changes in cold-stored loquat fruits as affected by postharvest SO2 treatment. Acta Phytophys Sin 26:397–401
Zhou CH, Xu CJ, Sun CD, Li X, Chen KS (2007) Carotenoids in white- and red-fleshed loquat fruits. J Agri Food Chem 55:7822–7830
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gupta, P., Priyanka, K., Sivanand, C. (2020). Loquat. In: Nayik, G.A., Gull, A. (eds) Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7285-2_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7285-2_30
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-7284-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-7285-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)