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MALDITOF the Fourth Generation Techniques Still at Its Infancy to Identify Forensically Important Insects

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Forensic DNA Typing: Principles, Applications and Advancements

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Abstract

Forensic entomology plays an important role in death investigations. The morphological identification of forensically important insects (FII) recovered from the scene of crime is important to help estimate time since death. It is seen that many times insects are in their immature stages which are indistinguishable. The molecular techniques come here as golden standards to barcode the genetic code of such FII and identify them at species level targeting mainly on NADH dehydrogenase 1 to 5 (ND 1–5), cytochrome b and c oxidase (COI) mitochondrial gene. However, at times species are so closely related that dissimilar species are grouped together. This often ends with their incorrect identification both morphologically and at molecular level. Alternatively, Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrophotometry (MALDI TOF MS) techniques based on the proteins content in a given species, help in discriminating closely related species along with deciphering their age. Studies have shown that MALDI TOF MS discriminates morphologically, biochemically, and genetically similar species at higher degree of confidence. Not the least, they are economical, quick and do not require prior reference data, knowledge or expertise in taxon identification. The technique is although not new but it is emerging a little slowly to identify forensically important insects for correct estimation of post mortem interval.

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Abbreviations

(Q-TOF) MS:

Quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time of flight

AmTRP:

Apis mellifera tachykinin-related peptide

bp:

Base pair

CBOL:

Consortium for barcode of life

CHC:

Cuticular hydrocarbons

COI,II,III :

Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I,II,III

cytb :

Cytochrome b

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Ds:

Dice similarity

FII:

Forensically important insects

GAM:

Generalized additive model

Ile:

Isoleucine

ITS:

Internal Transcribed Spacer

kDa:

Kilo Daltons

Leu:

Leucine

LSV:

Log score value

MALDI-TOF-MS:

Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrophotometry

mt COI:

Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I

Mt-DNA:

Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA

NCBI:

National centre of Biotechnology and Information

NU-DNA:

Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid

PCR-RFLP:

Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism

PMImin:

Minimum post mortem interval

PVK/CAP2b:

Periviscerokinin/cardioacceleratory peptide 2b

rDNA:

Ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid

Real-time PCR:

Real time polymerase chain reaction

rRNA:

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid

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Acknowledgements

V.V. is thankful to University Grant Commission Basic Science Research start up project No.F.30-12/2014(BSR) sanctioned to her.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diatom Nano Engineering and Metabolism (DNM) Lab., Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Vandana Vinayak

  2. DNA Division, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Madhuban, Haryana, India

    Anshuman Rai

Authors
  1. Vandana Vinayak
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  2. Anshuman Rai
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Correspondence to Vandana Vinayak .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. DNA Fingerprinting Unit, Department of Home (Police), State Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Pankaj Shrivastava

  2. DNA Fingerprinting Unit, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Hirak Ranjan Dash

  3. Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Granada, Spain

    Jose A. Lorente

  4. DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Jahangir Imam

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Vinayak, V., Rai, A. (2020). MALDITOF the Fourth Generation Techniques Still at Its Infancy to Identify Forensically Important Insects. In: Shrivastava, P., Dash, H.R., Lorente, J.A., Imam, J. (eds) Forensic DNA Typing: Principles, Applications and Advancements . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6655-4_26

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