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Rhizoremediation of Heavy Metal- and Xenobiotic-Contaminated Soil: An Eco-Friendly Approach

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Removal of Emerging Contaminants Through Microbial Processes

Abstract

In the last few decades, staggeredly increasing human population, indiscriminate use of pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and discharge of effluents containing toxic heavy metals, dyes, etc. have negatively impacted the soil fertility and biodiversity to the extent of converting the agricultural land into barren land. These pollutants can be removed or altered by conventional and physical methods. However, these methods are neither cost-effective nor eco-friendly as they generate large amount of toxic intermediates. The most powerful eco-friendly approach is bioremediation. Microorganisms play a pivotal role in the maintenance and sustainability of any ecosystem. They are versatile and capable to adapt to any challenges posed by the environment. The biotic activities of a diverse group of bacterial populations residing in rhizosphere affect the dynamics of soil which in turn affect the crop productivity. They stimulate plant growth by making soil nutrients available to them, stimulating the production of various plant growth hormones, protecting the plants from pathogens by their antagonistic activity and remediation of the pollutants by sequestering toxic heavy metals, and degrading xenobiotic compounds such as pesticides, PAHs, etc. This chapter highlights the role of PGPR in remediation of heavy metal- and xenobiotic-contaminated soil for sustainable crop production.

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  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India

    Pramila Verma

  2. Microbiology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Seema Rawat

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  1. Pramila Verma
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  1. Division of Applied & Environmental Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Lab, Bharuch, India

    Maulin P Shah

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Verma, P., Rawat, S. (2021). Rhizoremediation of Heavy Metal- and Xenobiotic-Contaminated Soil: An Eco-Friendly Approach. In: Shah, M.P. (eds) Removal of Emerging Contaminants Through Microbial Processes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5901-3_5

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