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Gut Microbiota as Signatures in Non-communicable Diseases and Mucosal Immunity

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Theranostics Approaches to Gastric and Colon Cancer

Part of the book series: Diagnostics and Therapeutic Advances in GI Malignancies ((DTAGIM))

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Abstract

The human gut microbiota encompasses a complex and dynamic ecosystem that provides crucial signals for host development and physiology. The altering composition of the human microbiota is associated with modifications in human behavior and the rising prevalence of pathogenesis of late onset diseases such as life style non-communicable diseases, metabolic and neurological disorders etc. The factors that trigger modifications in the composition and function of the gut microbiota will aid in understanding and designing of therapies that target it, which may be quite formidable. Though several studies have been reported on altered gut microbial composition and its association with diseases, but information on mucin layer degradation, production and immune cell interactions is scanty. The alignment of the gut microbiota can be an emerging indicator or marker of health, as it could be a sensitive tool for identifying various risks. This review unzips the role and type of gut microbiota associated with different non-communicable diseases and their impact on intestinal mucosal immunity which could be the signatures required to promote the human health by the clinicians.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

AD:

Auto immune disease

ADD:

Antibiotic associated diarrhoea

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ASD:

Autism spectrum disorder

BBDP:

Bio breeding diabetes prone

BMI:

Body mass index

CD:

Chron’s disease

CHF:

Chronic heart failure

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CNS:

Central nervous system

CRC:

Colorectal Cancer

CVD:

Cardio vascular disease

EU:

Endotoxin Unit

GFD:

Gluten free diet

GH:

Glycoside hydrolases

GIT:

Gastro intestinal tract

GM:

Germ free

GPR:

G protein coupled receptor

GWAS:

Genome wide association studies

HBV:

Hepatitis B Virus

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

HCV:

Hepatitis C Virus

HP:

Helicobacter pylori

HPV:

Human Papilloma Virus

IAP:

Inhibitor of apoptosis protein

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel diseases

IBS:

Irritable bowel syndrome

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

LDL:

Low density lipoprotein

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

NAFLD:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases

NASH:

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

NCD:

Non communicable disease

NFT:

Neuro fibrillary tangles

NOD:

Non obese diabetic

PAMP:

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

PD:

Parkinson’s diseases

PDD:

Pervasive developmental disorder

PPAR:

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

PSE:

Plant sterol esters

RA:

Rheumatoid arthritis

SCFA:

Short chain fatty acid

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes

T2D:

Type 2 diabetes

TLR:

Toll like receptor

TMA:

Trimethylamine

TRL:

Triglyceride rich lipoprotein

UC:

Ulcerative colitis

WHO:

World health organization

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the financial assistance from the extramural research grant of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Second Phase of Biomedical Informatics Centres of ICMR Grant Number: BIC/12(19)/2013. The Authors acknowledge Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, for granting inspire fellowship to Mr. Ardhendu Bhusan Praharaj. The authors also acknowledge ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar for providing infrastructure facilities to carry out this work.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

The authors declare no conflict of interest exists.

Declaration of Funding Sources

The work was supported by the financial assistance from the extramural research grant of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Second Phase of Biomedical Informatics Centres of ICMR Grant Number: BIC/12(19)/2013 and DST, Govt. of India.

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  1. Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Santosh Kumar Behera & Namita Mahapatra

  2. Department of Human Genetics, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Ardhendu Bhusan Praharaj

  3. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Vanasthali, Rajasthan, India

    Gayathri Chalikonda

  4. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Gowru Srivani

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  1. Santosh Kumar Behera
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  2. Ardhendu Bhusan Praharaj
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  3. Gayathri Chalikonda
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  4. Gowru Srivani
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  5. Namita Mahapatra
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Ganji Seeta Rama Raju

  2. Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India

    L.V.K.S. Bhaskar

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Behera, S.K., Praharaj, A.B., Chalikonda, G., Srivani, G., Mahapatra, N. (2020). Gut Microbiota as Signatures in Non-communicable Diseases and Mucosal Immunity. In: Raju, G., Bhaskar, L. (eds) Theranostics Approaches to Gastric and Colon Cancer. Diagnostics and Therapeutic Advances in GI Malignancies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2017-4_11

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