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Arsenic Contamination in Major Food Crops: Issues and Mitigation in Indian Subcontinent Perspective

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Agronomic Crops

Abstract

Widespread chronic arsenic (As) poisoning is a global concern due to consumption of arsenic-contaminated drinking water. Arsenic contamination in groundwater through geological sources and anthropogenic activities has been detected in many countries like the United States, Argentina, Taiwan, China, Hungary, Vietnam, India, and Bangladesh. Serious health hazards and deaths for millions due to As poisoning have been reported by many workers. While As contamination in drinking water has attracted much attention, its contamination in food chain has become a menace, particularly in intensively cropped areas of Bengal delta basin (India and Bangladesh). Growing crops in arsenic-contaminated soils with groundwater irrigation is primarily responsible for As contamination in food crops. The uptake of arsenic depends on various factors like type of crop, crop-growing condition (aerobic or anaerobic), water requirement, etc. During the post-monsoon season, crops like wheat, potato, winter vegetables as pea or French bean, and summer crops thrive more on groundwater-supported irrigation, making them vulnerable to arsenic contamination. Tolerance level of crops therefore becomes an important yardstick in mitigating arsenic stress along with interventions in water management, cultural practices, soil amendments, and fertilization with use of organics. Understanding the nature of arsenic contamination and its uptake helps in formulating appropriate strategies to ameliorate the negative impacts of As-stress limiting crop productivity and subsequent health hazards. This chapter would be handy to the students, agricultural researchers, and policymakers to acquaint themselves with the issue toward research and development programs to alleviate As-stress in major food crops.

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Abbreviations

AMF:

arbuscular mycorrizal fungi

AOB:

As(III)-oxidizing bacteria

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

As:

Arsenic

As2S2:

orpiment

As2S2:

realgar

ASC:

ascorbic acid

AsIII:

arsenite

AsV:

arsenate

CAT:

catalase

CPE:

cumulative pan evaporation

DAT:

days after transplanting

DMA:

dimethylarsinic acid

EDI:

estimated daily intake

EDTA:

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EFY:

elephant foot yam

ETc:

crop evapotranspiration

FCT:

flue cured tobacco

FeAsS:

Arsenopyrite

FeOB:

Fe(III)-oxidizing bacteria

FeRB:

Fe(III)-reducing bacteria

FYM:

farm yard manure

GPX:

glutathione peroxidase

GR:

glutathione reductase

GSH:

glutathione-S-transferase

IW:

irrigation water

MAC:

maximum acceptable concentration

MDA:

malondialdehyde

MIPs:

major intrinsic proteins

MMA:

monomethylarsonic acid

MT:

metallothioneins

NIPs:

nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins

PC:

phytochelatin

Pht1:

Phosphate transporter 1

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

STW:

shallow tube well

TF:

translocation factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India

    Sanchita Mondal, Pintoo Bandopadhyay & Srijani Maji

  2. Department of Seed Science and Technology, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India

    Puspendu Dutta

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  1. Sanchita Mondal
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  2. Puspendu Dutta
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  4. Srijani Maji
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  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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Mondal, S., Dutta, P., Bandopadhyay, P., Maji, S. (2020). Arsenic Contamination in Major Food Crops: Issues and Mitigation in Indian Subcontinent Perspective. In: Hasanuzzaman, M. (eds) Agronomic Crops. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0025-1_13

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