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Redox Aspects of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection

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Oxidative Stress in Heart Diseases

Abstract

In this chapter we discuss about the oxidative signaling, which plays a fundamental role in cardiovascular physiology regulation, and the oxidative stress, which plays a pivotal role in several cardiovascular pathophysiological mechanisms. We first consider oxidative- or redox-signaling and compare it with oxidative- or redox-stress from a biochemical point of view. The biochemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is considered. Several sources of ROS/RNS are described, but emphasis is given to mitochondria, as these organelles are important sources of ROS, especially in the heart, where they represent about 40% of the cellular volume. Mitochondrial transition pores are considered major factors of life or death. Nitric oxide generation and its reaction with ROS is described in the details for the fundamental role of this gas in several physiological and pathological mechanisms. The beneficial and deleterious role of ROS/RNS in the cardiovascular field are considered in the light of their effect as either conditioning agents or damaging agents in ischemia/reperfusion scenario. The role of nitric oxide, nitration and nitrosylation in cardioprotection and redox regulation of transcription in cardioprotection are finally discussed. An appropriate knowledge of ROS/RNS biochemistry is essential for a better understanding of these molecules in the cardiovascular patho-physiology.

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Acknowledgments

The authors of this chapter are supported for their researches by University of Turin, Italy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

    Pasquale Pagliaro, Saveria Femminò & Claudia Penna

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  1. Pasquale Pagliaro
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  2. Saveria Femminò
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  3. Claudia Penna
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Correspondence to Pasquale Pagliaro .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

    Sajal Chakraborti

  2. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Naranjan S Dhalla

  3. Translational Health Science and Technology (THSTI), Department of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India

    Nirmal K Ganguly

  4. Translational Health Science and Technology (THSTI), Department of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India

    Madhu Dikshit

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Pagliaro, P., Femminò, S., Penna, C. (2019). Redox Aspects of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection. In: Chakraborti, S., Dhalla, N., Ganguly, N., Dikshit, M. (eds) Oxidative Stress in Heart Diseases. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8273-4_13

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