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Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Scavenging During Seed Germination of Halophytes

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Ecophysiology, Abiotic Stress Responses and Utilization of Halophytes

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are excited or partially reduced forms of atmospheric oxygen, which are continuously produced during aerobic metabolism like many physiochemical processes operating throughout seeds’ life. ROS were previously known merely as cytotoxic molecules, but now it has been established that when tightly regulated to low levels they perform numerous beneficial functions in plants including many critical roles in seed physiology. This ROS homeostasis is achieved owing to the presence of a well-coordinated antioxidant system, which is composed of many enzymatic and nonenzymatic components. ROS reportedly facilitate seed germination via cell wall loosening, endosperm weakening, signaling, and/or decreasing abscisic acid levels. Most of the existing knowledge about ROS homeostasis and functions is based on the seeds of crops and model plants. This information about the seeds of non-crops such as halophytes is limited to just a few studies. Furthermore, mechanisms underlying ROS functions such as downstream targets, cross talk with other molecules, and alternative routes are still obscure. The objective of this article is to present an overview about (i) general mechanisms of ROS homeostasis in plants, (ii) ROS homeostasis in dry seeds, (iii) ROS metabolism in germinating seeds under optimal conditions, and (iv) ROS flux in germinating seeds under stress conditions with special emphasis on halophytes.

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Abbreviations

•OH:

Hydroxyl radical

ABA:

Abscisic acid

AOI:

Active oxygen intermediates

AOS:

Active oxygen species

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

AsA:

Ascorbate

CAT:

Catalase

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

GPOX:

Guaiacol peroxidase

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

GST:

Glutathione S-transferases

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

MDAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

NaCl:

Sodium chloride

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

O2 • − :

Superoxide radical

O2 :

Oxygen

1O2 :

Singlet oxygen

POD:

Peroxidase

Prx:

Thiol peroxidase type II peroxiredoxin

ROI:

Reactive oxygen intermediates

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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Author notes

  1. Authors Aysha Rasheed and Sarwat Ghulam Rasool have equally contributed to this chapter.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization (ISHU), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

    Aysha Rasheed, Sarwat Ghulam Rasool, Bilquees Gul, M. Ajmal Khan & Abdul Hameed

Authors
  1. Aysha Rasheed
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  2. Sarwat Ghulam Rasool
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  3. Bilquees Gul
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  4. M. Ajmal Khan
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  5. Abdul Hameed
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdul Hameed .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  2. Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Kamrun Nahar

  3. Botany Department & Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Münir Öztürk

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Rasheed, A., Rasool, S.G., Gul, B., Ajmal Khan, M., Hameed, A. (2019). Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Scavenging During Seed Germination of Halophytes. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Öztürk , M. (eds) Ecophysiology, Abiotic Stress Responses and Utilization of Halophytes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3762-8_4

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