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Exploitation of Mechanisms Regulating Cytokinin Levels to Improve Cereals

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Phytohormones in Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture

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Abstract

Plant growth and development are regulated by phytohormones. Two classes of phytohormones, auxins and cytokinins, play a key role in the regulation of cell division and cell differentiation. Cell cycle progression is regulated at checkpoints, which control the G1/S and G2/M transitions (see Frank and Schmfilling, 1999). This enables cell cycle activity to be integrated into complex morphogenetic pathways (Meijer and Murray, 2001). The classical experiments of Skoog and Miller (1957) showed that the concentration ratio of exogenous auxin and cytokinin determines specific morphogenic responses. Such responses can also be achieved by manipulation with intracellular hormone levels in transgenic plants. Hence, changes of auxin/cytokinin ratios and consequent morphogenetic responses can be achieved by expression of genes that encode enzymes involved in auxin and cytokinin metabolism (Akiyoshi et al., 1983; Estruch et al., 1991; Klee and Lanahan, 1995; Faiss et al., 1997, 2001; Gaudin et al, 1994). With regard to the current state of knowledge of the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of the two hormones and mindful of the cloning of the relevant genes (for review see Mok and Mok, 2001; Haberer and Kieber, 2002), transgenic approaches seem to be more readily accessible for manipulation of cytokinin levels in plants than that for the control of auxin levels.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 135, Praha 6, Czech Republic

    M. Kamínek, B. Šolcová & V. Motyka

  2. Research Institute of Crop Production, Drnovská 505, Praha 6, Czech Republic

    M. Trčková

  3. The Norman Borlaug Institute for Plant Science Research, De Montfort University, Scraptoft,Leicester, LE7 9SU, UK

    S. Daskalova & M. C. Elliott

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  1. M. Kamínek
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  4. V. Motyka
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Correspondence to M. Kamínek .

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  1. Institute of Experimental Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

    Ivana Macháčková

  2. Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Georgy A. Romanov

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Kamínek, M., Šolcová, B., Trčková, M., Motyka, V., Daskalova, S., Elliott, M.C. (2003). Exploitation of Mechanisms Regulating Cytokinin Levels to Improve Cereals. In: Macháčková, I., Romanov, G.A. (eds) Phytohormones in Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2664-1_11

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